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Ultraviolet Light in Food Technology Principles and Applications

Ultraviolet Light in Food Technology Principles and Applications

UV light is one of a number of emerging non-thermal food processing technologies that can be used in a broad range of applications producing food products with longer shelf-life more safe and with higher nutritional quality. The new edition of Ultraviolet Light in Food Technology: Principles and Applications will present recent understanding of the fundamentals of UV light along with new applied knowledge that has accumulated during the 7 years since the first edition published in 2009. The new edition of the book will have 11 chapters including 2 new chapters-on chemical destruction with UV light and food plant safety—along with 6 chapters greatly expanded and updated. | Ultraviolet Light in Food Technology Principles and Applications

GBP 160.00
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Industrial Photoinitiators A Technical Guide

Industrial Photoinitiators A Technical Guide

The use of photoinitiators in the UV curing process shows remarkable possibilities in myriad applications. Highlighting critical factors such as reactivity cure speeds and application details Industrial Photoinitiators: A Technical Guide is a practical accessible industrially oriented text that explains the theory describes the products and outlines the practice in simple language for the novice and expert alike. The basics of UV light The book begins by examining the nature of UV light and the types of commercial UV lamps that are available. It discusses the light absorption process and the excited states that are produced by the photoinitiator prior to the production of radicals. Next the book examines the structure of the photoinitiator and the mechanism by which a reactive species is formed along with the deactivating processes that inhibit the various photophysical and photochemical steps that occur as radicals are produced. Commercial photoinitiators Providing a list of companies and suppliers the author explores the distinct groups of commercial photoinitiators and the variations in their structure. He describes the factors that determine which photoinitiators should be chosen for a particular application and how the different types are used. He also explains the reasons why a cured coating may display yellowing and describes the use of stabilizers to reduce the yellowing effect. Cationic curing Exploring a small but growing area of interest in the UV curing industry the book concludes by discussing cationic curing and examines the different scope of parameters and different chemistry involved. It also describes factors that affect the use of cationic photoinitiators. Based on more than 30 years of experience working with photoinitiators W. Arthur Green offers | Industrial Photoinitiators A Technical Guide

GBP 180.00
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Aquatic Ecosystems in a Changing Climate

Aquatic Ecosystems in a Changing Climate

Global climate change affects productivity and species composition of freshwater and marine aquatic ecosystems by raising temperatures ocean acidification excessive solar UV and visible radiation. Effects on bacterioplankton and viruses phytoplankton and macroalgae have farreaching consequences for primary consumers such as zooplankton invertebrates and vertebrates as well as on human consumption of fish crustaceans and mollusks. It has affected the habitation of the Arctic and Antarctic oceans the most so far. Increasing pollution from terrestrial runoff industrial municipal and household wastes as well as marine transportation and plastic debris also affect aquatic ecosystems. | Aquatic Ecosystems in a Changing Climate

GBP 44.99
1

Advanced Computational Approaches for Water Treatment Applications in Food and Chemical Engineering

Advanced Computational Approaches for Water Treatment Applications in Food and Chemical Engineering

A rapid growth in global industrialization and population has triggered intense environmental pollution that has led to a water crisis resulting in the decay in the quality of human life and economic losses. Novel water purification techniques are expected to alleviate this challenge. Recently various water purification techniques along with different computational techniques have been developed. For instance water purification techniques such as electromagnetic water purification solute-surface interactions in water use of micro-magnetofluidic devices UV-led water purification and use of membranes can be thoroughly investigated by using a range of computation techniques such as molecular dynamics the lattice Boltzmann method and the Navier-Stokes method-based solver. Advanced Computational Approaches for Water Treatment: Applications in Food and Chemical Engineering presents these different numerical techniques and traditional modeling and simulation approaches to elaborate on and explain the various water purification techniques. Features: Serves as a dedicated reference for this emerging topic Discusses state of the art developments in advanced computational techniques for water purification Brings together diverse experience in this field in one reference text Provides a roadmap for future developments in the area This book is primarily intended for chemical engineers hydrologists water resource managers civil engineers environmental engineers food scientists and food engineers interested in understanding the numerical approaches for different water purification techniques such as membrane sedimentation filtration micromagnetofluidic device and ozone/UV among others. | Advanced Computational Approaches for Water Treatment Applications in Food and Chemical Engineering

GBP 170.00
1

Textbook of Cosmetic Dermatology

Textbook of Cosmetic Dermatology

This text documents the science that lies behind the expanding field of cosmetic dermatology so that clinicians can practice with confidence and researchers can be fully aware of the clinical implications of their work. New chapters have been added to this edition on photodamage actinic keratoses UV lamps hidradenitis suppurativa age-related changes in male skin changes in female hair with aging nonabltaive laser rejuvenation and cryolipolysis and chapters have been updated throughout to keep this at the forefront of work and practice. The Series in Cosmetic and Laser Therapy is published in association with the Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy. Print Versions of this book also include access to the ebook version. | Textbook of Cosmetic Dermatology

GBP 170.00
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Handbook of Humidity Measurement Volume 1 Spectroscopic Methods of Humidity Measurement

Handbook of Humidity Measurement Volume 1 Spectroscopic Methods of Humidity Measurement

The first volume of The Handbook of Humidity Measurement focuses on the review of devices based on optical principles of measurement such as optical UV fluorescence hygrometers optical and fiber-optic sensors of various types. Numerous methods for monitoring the atmosphere have been developed in recent years based on measuring the absorption of electromagnetic field in different spectral ranges. These methods covering the optical (FTIR and Lidar techniques) as well as a microwave and THz ranges are discussed in detail in this volume. The role of humidity-sensitive materials in optical and fiber-optic sensors is also detailed. This volume describes the reasons for controlling the humidity features of water and water vapors and units used for humidity measurement. | Handbook of Humidity Measurement Volume 1 Spectroscopic Methods of Humidity Measurement

GBP 44.99
1

Advanced Nanomaterials and Their Applications

Advanced Nanomaterials and Their Applications

This book covers various facets of nanomaterials and their applications including low-dimensional materials along with discussions on in vitro cell imaging bioanalyses UV laser applications of scheelite-type nanomaterials and nanosized cyanobridged metal-organic frameworks including high spin transition metal ions. It explains transition metal dichalcogenides and magnetic tunnel junction devices as an alternative to complementary metal-oxide semiconductors. One of the main aims of this book is to grow interest in the atomistic simulation process and characterization of these nanoscale devices. Details the recent advances in the application of nanomaterials for nanoelectronics devices sensors and memories Describes the first-principles approach to ultrasensitive electrically doped biosensors Discusses the application of nanomaterials in spintronic devices specifically magnetic tunnel junction devices with new architectures Covers nanomaterials in water purification and conducting polymer nanocomposites in electrochemical supercapacitors Presents the theoretical background of next-generation MRI contrast agents with nanosized cyanobridged metal-organic frameworks including high spin transition metal ions This book is aimed at researchers and graduate students of materials engineering and nanoelectronics. | Advanced Nanomaterials and Their Applications

GBP 110.00
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Real World modo: The Authorized Guide In the Trenches with modo

Real World modo: The Authorized Guide In the Trenches with modo

Explore one of the most exciting 3D tools on the market modo with Real-World modo - the Luxology approved concept and principle- driven guide. Learn to apply the revolutionary artist-friendly modo toolset with its powerful 3D rendering engine to your project workflows. In a clear motivating and entertaining style Luxology insider Wes McDermott provides captivating 3D imagery real world observations and valuable tips and tricks all in one place - an invaluable resource for any digital artist. Explore 3D techniques and principles with chapters on modelling UV mapping texturing animation lighting and rendering. Learn to leverage the technical elements of the modo rendering engine including Antialaising Shading Rate and Irradiance Caching from an artist's perspective. Integrate modo with other 3D applications such as Maya and Mudbox and learn to properly setup a linear rendering workflow within modo. For practical hands-on techniques you can visit www. wesmcdermott. com for video walk-throughs that further enhance the coverage in the book. | Real World modo: The Authorized Guide In the Trenches with modo

GBP 175.00
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3D Game Environments Create Professional 3D Game Worlds

3D Game Environments Create Professional 3D Game Worlds

From a steamy jungle to a modern city or even a sci-fi space station 3D Game Environments is the ultimate resource to help you create AAA quality art for a variety of game worlds. Primarily using Photoshop and 3ds Max students will learn to create realistic textures from photo source and a variety of techniques to portray dynamic and believable game worlds. With detailed tutorials on creating 3D models applying 2D art to 3D models and clear concise advice on issues of efficiency and optimization for a 3D game engine Luke Ahearn gives you everything students need to make their own realistic game environments. Key Features The entire game world development process; from planning to 3D modeling UV layout and creating textures. Exercises and projects to practice with; each section includes projects to guide you through creating different world genres. The updated companion website—www. lukeahearn. com/textures/ now includes video tutorials in addition to updated sample textures shaders materials actions brushes program demos plug-ins and all art from the book—all the tools you need in one place. | 3D Game Environments Create Professional 3D Game Worlds

GBP 48.99
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Understanding Radiation Biology From DNA Damage to Cancer and Radiation Risk

Understanding Radiation Biology From DNA Damage to Cancer and Radiation Risk

This book provides a qualitative and quantitative exploration of the action of radiation on living matter which leads to a complete and coherent interpretation of radiation biology. It takes readers from radiation-induced molecular damage in the nucleus of the cell and links this damage to cellular effects such as cell killing chromosome aberrations and mutations before exploring organ damage organism lethality and cancer induction. It also deals with radiological protection concepts and the difficulties of predicting the dose–effect relationship for low-dose and dose rate radiation risk. The book ends with separate chapters dealing with the effects of UV light exposure and risk classification of chemical mutagens both of which are derived by logical extensions of the radiation model. This book will provide the basic foundations of radiation biology for undergraduate and graduate students in medical physics biomedical engineering radiological protection medicine radiology and radiography. Features Presents a comprehensive insight into radiation action on living matter Contains important implications for radiological protection and regulations Provides analytical methods for applications in radiotherapy | Understanding Radiation Biology From DNA Damage to Cancer and Radiation Risk

GBP 94.99
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Semiconductor Nanocrystals and Metal Nanoparticles Physical Properties and Device Applications

Semiconductor Nanocrystals and Metal Nanoparticles Physical Properties and Device Applications

Semiconductor nanocrystals and metal nanoparticles are the building blocks of the next generation of electronic optoelectronic and photonic devices. Covering this rapidly developing and interdisciplinary field the book examines in detail the physical properties and device applications of semiconductor nanocrystals and metal nanoparticles. It begins with a review of the synthesis and characterization of various semiconductor nanocrystals and metal nanoparticles and goes on to discuss in detail their optical light emission and electrical properties. It then illustrates some exciting applications of nanoelectronic devices (memristors and single-electron devices) and optoelectronic devices (UV detectors quantum dot lasers and solar cells) as well as other applications (gas sensors and metallic nanopastes for power electronics packaging). Focuses on a new class of materials that exhibit fascinating physical properties and have many exciting device applications. Presents an overview of synthesis strategies and characterization techniques for various semiconductor nanocrystal and metal nanoparticles. Examines in detail the optical/optoelectronic properties light emission properties and electrical properties of semiconductor nanocrystals and metal nanoparticles. Reviews applications in nanoelectronic devices optoelectronic devices and photonic devices. | Semiconductor Nanocrystals and Metal Nanoparticles Physical Properties and Device Applications

GBP 66.99
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Non-Coding RNAs Molecular Tools for Crop Improvement

Non-Coding RNAs Molecular Tools for Crop Improvement

This reference book compiles updated research on non-coding RNAs and their role in producing high-yielding plants with higher productivity under changing climates. Plant non-coding RNAs are emerging as the key regulators of plant responses to climate change and environmental stresses. The book covers the sequencing identification prediction identification characterization and targets of non-coding RNAs to engineer high-yielding crops. It also includes in silico tools and databases to study them. Key features: Discusses the different types of non-coding RNAs including lnc-RNAs siRNA microRNAs and tasiRNAs Covers the role of plant non-coding RNAs in epigenetic regulation of environmental stress response and tolerance Reviews the role of non-coding RNAs under environmental stresses like drought water logging salinity extreme temperature UV heavy metals and xenobiotics Explores the use of non-coding RNAs in transgenic crops and genome editing Describes the biogenesis history and classification of non-coding RNAs in plants The book provides a mix of basic and advanced information for postgraduate students researchers and scientists in the fields of plant molecular biology biotechnology food security and agriculture. | Non-Coding RNAs Molecular Tools for Crop Improvement

GBP 140.00
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Liquid Crystal Sensors

Liquid Crystal Sensors

Liquid Crystal Sensors discusses novel applications of liquid crystals that lie beyond electrically driven optical switches and displays. The main focus is on recent progress in the area of sensors based on low molar mass and polymer liquid crystals. This area of research became hot in recent years since the possibilities for applications of liquid crystal sensors are growing in many areas ranging from the detection of mechanical displacements to the detection of environmental pollutants and chemical agents. This book is well-suited for students as well as scientists from different backgrounds. For students and researchers new to the field it gives a thorough introduction. For experienced researchers it shows the latest breakthroughs and serves as an inspiration for solving problems or sparking new ideas. Key Features:Emphasizes how liquid crystals are extremely sensitive to external stimuli and therefore can be used for the construction of stimuli-responsive devices such as sensors Includes the contributions of editors who are deeply involved in the field and author chapters on hot topics such as the sensitivity of liquid crystals to pollutants UV light and strainProvides an exclusive on LC sensors where having the data in one place will be very useful to the community Gives more information on sensors and broadens the scope by having a contributed volume rather than authored Combines recent data on advances in the area of liquid crystal sensors that includes many types of liquid crystal materials

GBP 44.99
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Handbook of Photochemistry

Handbook of Photochemistry

Since the publication of the second edition of this handbook in 1993 the field of photochemical sciences has continued to expand across several disciplines including organic inorganic physical analytical and biological chemistries and most recently nanosciences. Emphasizing the important role light-induced processes play in all of these fields the Handbook of Photochemistry Third Edition provides quick and convenient access to chemical and physical data that are crucial to photochemical investigations from the planning and experimentation phases to the interpretation of results. The third edition of the Handbook of Photochemistry offers detailed overviews of the photochemical processes that occur in organic molecules and transition metal complexes written by leading experts around the world. The authors maintain the highly regarded organization of data from previous editions while updating and expanding its tables with data pertaining to hundreds of new compounds. The book now contains sections focusing on metal complexes and organometallic compounds offering photophysical and quenching data as well as reduction potential values a key factor in photochemical electron transfer processes. It also features new information on light sources and filters chemical actinometry solutions to common problems in photoluminescence measurements and lab-friendly techniques pertaining to experimental UV/visible spectroscopy and irradiation methodologies. The Handbook of Photochemistry delivers an exhaustive up-to-date collection of photophysical and electrochemical data on organic compounds and transition metal complexes. It represents an invaluable compilation of complementary data background information and references for students researchers and spectroscopists performing a vast assortment of photochemical experiments.

GBP 44.99
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Mass Spectrometry

Mass Spectrometry

It is estimated that there are about 10 million organic chemicals known and about 100 000 new organic compounds are produced each year. Some of these new chemicals are made in the laboratory and some are isolated from natural products. The structural determination of these compounds is the job of the chemist. There are several instrumental techniques used to determine the structures of organic compounds. These include NMR UV/visible infrared spectroscopy mass spectrometry and X-ray crystallography. Of all the instrumental techniques listed infrared spectroscopy and mass spectrometry are the two most popular techniques mainly because they tend to be less expensive and give us the most structural information. This book is an introductory text designed to acquaint undergraduate and graduate students with the basic theory and interpretative techniques of mass spectrometry. Much of the material in this text has been used over a period of several years for teaching courses in materials characterization and chemical analysis. It presents the mass spectra of the major classes of organic compounds and correlates the fragmentation pattern of each spectrum with the structural features of the compound it represents. This has been done for hydrocarbons organic acids ketones aldehydes esters anhydrides phenols amines and amides. The text discusses the origin of the fragments techniques innovations and applications in mass spectrometry. It is interspersed with many illustrations examples an adequate but not overwhelming bibliography and problems for students. It will serve as a lecture text for a one-semester course in mass spectrometry or can be used to teach the mass spectra portion of a broader course in material characterization and chemical analysis.

GBP 76.99
1

Creating Games with Unreal Engine Substance Painter & Maya Models Textures Animation & Blueprint

Creating Games with Unreal Engine Substance Painter & Maya Models Textures Animation & Blueprint

Description: This tutorial-based book allows readers to create a first-person game from start to finish using industry-standard (and free to student) tools of Maya Substance Painter and Unreal Engine. The first half of the book lays out the basics of using Maya and Substance Painter to create game-ready assets. This includes polygonal modeling UV layout and custom texture painting. Then the book covers rigging and animation solutions to create assets to be placed in the game including animated first-person assets and motion-captured NPC animations. Finally readers can put it all together and build interactivity that allows the player to create a finished game using the assets built and animated earlier in the book. • Written by industry professionals with real-world experience in building assets and games. • Build a complete game from start to finish. • Learn what the pros use: construct all assets using the tools used at industries across the world. • All software used are free to students. • When complete students will have a playable version of an FPS game. Jing Tian Li is a graduate of China’s Central Academy of Fine Arts and New York’s School of Visual Arts where he earned an MFA in Computer Art. He currently is an Assistant Professor of 3D Animation & Game Design at the University of the Incarnate Word in San Antonio Texas. Kassandra Arevalo is an instructor of 3D Animation & Game Design at the University of the Incarnate Word in San Antonio Texas. She previously worked as an animator at Immersed Games. Matt Tovar is an industry veteran animator. He has worked at Naughty Dog Infinity Ward and Sony Interactive on such games as The Last of Us Call of Duty: Modern Warfare and most recently Marvel’s Avengers with Crystal Dynamics. He is an Assistant Professor of 3D Animation at the University of the Incarnate Word in San Antonio Texas. | Creating Games with Unreal Engine Substance Painter & Maya Models Textures Animation & Blueprint

GBP 56.99
1

Creating Games with Unity Substance Painter & Maya Models Textures Animation & Code

Creating Games with Unity Substance Painter & Maya Models Textures Animation & Code

This tutorial-based book allows readers to create a first-person game from start to finish using industry-standard (and free to student) tools of Unity Substance Painter and Maya. The first half of the book lays out the basics of using Maya and Substance Painter to create game-ready assets. This includes polygonal modeling UV layout and custom texture painting. The book then covers rigging and animation solutions to create assets to be placed in the game including animated first-person assets and motion-captured NPC animations. Finally readers can put it all together and build interactivity that allows the player to create a finished game using the assets built and animated earlier in the book. • Written by industry professionals with real-world experience in building assets and games • Build a complete game from start to finish • Learn what the pros use: construct all assets using the tools used at game studios across the world • All software used are free to students • When complete students will have a playable version of an FPS game Jingtian Li is a graduate of China’s Central Academy of Fine Arts and New York’s School of Visual Arts where he earned an MFA in Computer Art. He currently is an Assistant Professor of 3D Animation & Game Design at the University of the Incarnate Word in San Antonio Texas. Adam Watkins is a 20-year veteran of 3D education. He holds an MFA in 3D Animation and a BFA in Theatre Arts from Utah State University. He currently is the Coordinator and Professor of the 3D Animation & Game Department at the University of the Incarnate Word in San Antonio Texas. Kassandra Arevalo is an instructor of 3D Animation & Game Design at the University of the Incarnate Word in San Antonio Texas. She previously worked as an animator at Immersed Games. Matt Tovar is an industry veteran animator. He has worked at Naughty Dog Infinity Ward and Sony Interactive on such games as The Last of Us Call of Duty: Modern Warfare and most recently Marvel’s Avengers with Crystal Dynamics. He is an Assistant Professor of 3D Animation at the University of the Incarnate Word in San Antonio Texas. | Creating Games with Unity Substance Painter & Maya Models Textures Animation & Code

GBP 56.99
1

Scientific Examination of Documents Methods and Techniques Fourth Edition

Scientific Examination of Documents Methods and Techniques Fourth Edition

Revised and expanded to reflect the most recent innovations in the field The Scientific Examination of Documents Fourth Edition is a handy accessible volume detailing current best-practices for forensic document examination. Since the first edition published in 1989 there have been drastic changes in the field of forensic document examination—both from the use of the analytic techniques available to the professional examiner—and the changes to technology in office and printing equipment and inks. The purpose of analyzing any material used in the production of a questioned document such as an ink or a piece of paper is to compare it with another material elsewhere in the questioned document itself—or on another document—to determine whether or not they share a common origin. There may also be a need to provide information for the investigator about the possible origins of the document. This latest edition reflects the myriad changes and advances that have occurred in the last 10 to 15 years. Topics covered include: current thinking on handwriting interpretation; accidental and deliberate modification of handwriting; the proper collection of samples; a discussion of shredded documents; professional accreditation standards qualifications and training; and modern digital imaging and analysis of documents and handwriting utilizing software and imaging including reconstruction of an image from erasures obliteration and other document altering methods. A new section addresses cognitive bias and Chapter 8 is completely updated to cover the advances in print and photocopied documents based on current technology and analytical developments in the comparison of such documents. Key features:Discusses issues regarding handwritten photocopied and printed documents—including inkjet versus digital printingPresents the advances and capabilities modern office fax photocopy and printing technologies—and implications for document examinationDetails and reinforces the importance of ensuring proper scientific methods during an examination Addresses current Raman spectroscopy UV-VIS mass spectroscopy and SEM analysis techniquesHighlights the importance and implications of biological and fingerprint evidence from documents that can be collected examined and utilized in a caseThe Scientific Examination of Documents Fourth Edition serves as an invaluable resource to established professionals those just entering the field and legal and investigative professionals outside the discipline who have a professional interest dealing with questioned documents in the course of their work. | Scientific Examination of Documents Methods and Techniques Fourth Edition

GBP 69.99
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Carbon Transfer Printing A Step-by-Step Manual Featuring Contemporary Carbon Printers and Their Creative Practice

Carbon Transfer Printing A Step-by-Step Manual Featuring Contemporary Carbon Printers and Their Creative Practice

Carbon Transfer Printing is a book about one of the earliest photographic processes that provided the first permanent printing methods available in one form or another for over 150 years. This book reviews the extensive history of carbon transfer and related pigment processes in both monochrome and color to serve as point source for a new carbon printer to begin to master the craft of carbon printing as well as provide new material for experienced carbon printers so they can expand their techniques. The book includes never-before-published information on pre-sensitizing carbon tissue with newly identified compounds information on the safe use and disposal of hexavalent chromium compounds and simplified methods of producing 3-color carbon prints. Carbon Transfer Printing is divided into two parts illustrated with 175 photographs. Part One is a complete how-to on the carbon transfer process from simple to complex with a troubleshooting guide and an extensive chapter on digital negatives. Part Two is devoted to contemporary carbon printers who share their methods and secrets to creating their beautiful carbon prints. Topics that the book covers are: Key events in carbon’s history How to organize the carbon workplace Sections on necessary supplies and equipment A step-by-step digital method of making high quality digital negatives Simple and advanced methods of carbon printing How to make carbon tissue including several methods of pre-sensitizing How to choose UV light sources for printing in carbon Step-by-step processing directions How to prepare final support papers Troubleshooting carbon Multi-layer printing to add tone or make a full color carbon print Finishing and final presentation of carbon prints A gallery of images and advice from contemporary carbon printers Carbon Transfer Printing is designed for both the beginning carbon enthusiast as well as for the advanced practitioner. Backed with extensive research on carbon printing from books journals and magazine articles from the 1800s to present day and the extensive personal experience in carbon printing of the authors there is enough information in this book to provide inspiration and proof of both the glorious past of carbon printmaking and its enduring importance to a new generation of image makers who value the handmade print. | Carbon Transfer Printing A Step-by-Step Manual Featuring Contemporary Carbon Printers and Their Creative Practice

GBP 49.99
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Fundamentals of Solar Radiation

Fundamentals of Solar Radiation

The sun radiates a tremendous amount of energy called solar energy or solar radiation which is the main natural source of energy on the Earth by far. Because solar radiation is the almost unique supplier of energy to the Earth it has a primary influence on life and activities on the Earth. The climate is a first example but there are many others such as plant growth or human health or even the design of buildings the production of energy notably electrical and thermal or even aging materials. This book aims to provide simple answers to anyone who has questions about solar radiation. Its ambition is to help by presenting the fundamental elements of the solar radiation received on the ground. The book includes many examples and numerous illustrations as well as some simple but fairly precise equations to calculate the various elements covered and to reproduce the figures and graphs. The first of the three parts of this book is devoted to the relative geometry between the direction of the sun and an observer on the ground as well as to the solar radiation emitted by the sun and received at the top of the atmosphere. The orbit of the Earth around the sun and the solar declination are described. The concept of time is introduced which is closely linked to the solar cycle and the rotation of the Earth on itself. Equations are given to calculate the solar radiation received on a horizontal or inclined surface located at the top of the atmosphere. The spectral distribution of the extraterrestrial solar radiation is described. The second part of this book addresses how the solar radiation incident at the top of the atmosphere is attenuated and modified in its downward path to the ground. The reflection of the radiation by the ground is presented. The solar radiation received on the ground by a horizontal or inclined collector plane such as a natural slope or a rooftop is discussed as well as its spectral distribution. The variability of the radiation is addressed in relation to the properties of solar radiation estimated from the measurements. The third part deals with direct or indirect measurements of the solar radiation received on the ground over a given integration time (minute hour day or month) whether for total radiation or radiation in a spectral range such as ultraviolet (UV) or daylight or photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). It also explains how to check the plausibility of the measurements. Fundamentals of Solar Radiation will be a valuable resource to all professionals engineers researchers students and other practitioners that seek an understanding of solar radiation.

GBP 44.99
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Physics of the Invisible Sun Instrumentation Observations and Inferences

Physics of the Invisible Sun Instrumentation Observations and Inferences

Physics of the invisible Sun: Instrumentation Observations and Inferences provides a new updated perspectives of the dramatic developments in solar physics mainly after the advent of the space era. It focusses on the instrumentation exploiting the invisible windows of the electromagnetic spectrum for observing the outer fainter layers of the Sun. It emphasizes on the several technical and observational challenges and proceeds to discuss the discoveries related to energetic phenomena occurring in the transition region and corona. The book begins with giving a brief glimpse of the historical developments during the pre- and post-telescopic periods of visible and spectroscopic techniques ground-based optical and radio observing sites. Various types of telescopes and back-end instrumentation are presented based on photometry spectroscopy and polarimetry using the Zeeman and Hanle effects for measurement of magnetic fields and Doppler effect for radial velocity measurements. The book discusses theoretical and observational inferences based on detection of solar neutrinos and helioseismology as the probes of the hidden solar interior and tests of solar standard models. The characteristic properties and observational signatures of global solar p- and g-oscillations modes developments in local helioseismology and asteroseismology are discussed. The role of the solar magnetic field and differential rotation in the activity and magnetic cycles prediction methodologies and dynamo models are described. Observing the Sun in IR at the longer and the UV EUV XUV X-rays and gamma-rays at the shorter wavelengths are covered in detail. Observational challenges at each of these wavelengths are presented followed by the instrumentation for detection and imaging that have resulted in enhancing the understanding of various solar transient phenomena such as flares and CMEs. The outer most corona is described as a dynamic expanding component of the Sun from the theoretical and observational perspectives of the solar wind. It then discusses the topics of the Interplanetary magnetic field slow and fast solar wind interaction with magnetised and non-magnetised objects of the solar system the space weather and the physics of the heliosphere. The chapter on the future directions in solar physics presents a brief overview of the new major facilities in various observing windows and the future possibilities of observing the Sun from ground and vantage locations in space. Features: Systematic overview of the developments in instrumentation observational challenges and inferences derived from ground-based and space-borne solar projects. Advances in the understanding about the solar interior from neutrinos and helioseismology. Recent research results and future directions from ground- and space-based observations. This book may serve as a reference book for scientific researchers interested in multi-wavelength instrumentation and observational aspects of solar physics. It may also be used as a textbook for a graduate-level course. | Physics of the Invisible Sun Instrumentation Observations and Inferences

GBP 130.00
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Biology and Biotechnology of Environmental Stress Tolerance in Plants 3-Volume Set

Biology and Biotechnology of Environmental Stress Tolerance in Plants 3-Volume Set

This new 3-volume set provides a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms that mediate biosynthesis accumulation and degradation of plant metabolites so as to employ novel strategies to improve crop production and enhance abiotic stress tolerance in plants. Abiotic stresses such as drought high salt cold heat UV radiation heavy metal pollution etc. are increasingly responsible for restricting plant growth and agricultural production and are becoming more alarming due to threats from global climate change. To combat these threats it is imperative to study the underlying mechanisms of stress tolerance from diverse metabolites and the biosynthesis pathways for metabolite production to maintain osmotic balance under diverse environmental stresses. Biology and Biotechnology of Environmental Stress Tolerance in Plants provides that understanding. Volume 1: Secondary Metabolites in Environmental Stress Tolerance focuses exclusively on the diverse secondary metabolites that play a major role in the adaptation of plants to the environment and in overcoming stress conditions as well as their implications in enhancing tolerance mechanisms. The chapters in this section review and integrate the currently available information on the protective role rendered by a wide array of antioxidative secondary metabolites and their regulation during diverse environmental stress. Volume 2: Trace Elements in Environmental Stress Tolerance throws light on the different inorganic trace elements including metal nanoparticles that help to deal with various environmental stresses. While these elements at high level create considerable phytotoxicity and halt metabolic and enzymatic activity they also promote growth and development in limited quantity so that they have significant potential in revamping plant morphology and physiology under stressed conditions. Hence optimum concentration management of these elements can help to mitigate world hunger and contribute toward sustainable agriculture and food security under challenging environments. Volume 3: Sustainable Approaches for Enhancing Environmental Stress Tolerance focuses on the agronomic and biochemical approaches as well as biotechnological and high-throughput technologies including the prospects of genetic engineering epigenetics and the latest CRISPR/Cas technology in generating stress-tolerant plants. The volume provides a clear road map for the implementation of techniques for improving abiotic stress tolerance in plants for better sustenance. Key features: Provides an advanced understanding of the mechanisms of action of secondary metabolites and trace elements in environmental stress tolerance as well as the different agronomic and biotechnological methods that enhances stress tolerance Looks at the overall metabolic pathways and genetic engineering giving a holistic view of plant-level studies of diverse abiotic stresses affecting different metabolic pathways Provides the groundwork to help researchers in designing future programs for identifying novel genes and proteins and targeting proper pathways to develop climate-resilient plants Altogether the three-volume Biology and Biotechnology of Environmental Stress Tolerance in Plants will enhance our understanding of plant responses to environmental stresses and enable implementation of programs and practices that can help us to develop climate-resilient plants with better performance for better yield and quality. | Biology and Biotechnology of Environmental Stress Tolerance in Plants 3-Volume Set

GBP 437.00
1