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Antibiotic Resistance - Board On Global Health - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Antibiotic Resistance - Board On Global Health - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Years of using, misusing, and overusing antibiotics and other antimicrobial drugs has led to the emergence of multidrug-resistant 'superbugs.' The IOM's Forum on Microbial Threats held a public workshop April 6-7 to discuss the nature and sources of drug-resistant pathogens, the implications for global health, and the strategies to lessen the current and future impact of these superbugs. Table of ContentsFront MatterWorkshop OverviewAppendix A: Contributed ManuscriptsAppendix B: AgendaAppendix C: AcronymsAppendix D: GlossaryAppendix E: Forum Member BiographiesAppendix F: Speaker Biographies

DKK 578.00
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The Causes and Impacts of Neglected Tropical and Zoonotic Diseases - Board On Global Health - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

The Causes and Impacts of Neglected Tropical and Zoonotic Diseases - Board On Global Health - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) afflict more than 1.4 billion people, many of whom live on less than $1.25 a day. While there are effective ways to manage NTDs, policy-makers and funders have only recently begun to recognize the economic and public health importance of controlling NTDs. The IOM's Forum on Microbial Threats held a workshop September 21-22, 2010, to discuss the science of and policy surrounding NTDs. Table of ContentsFront MatterWorkshop OverviewAppendix A: Contributed ManuscriptsAppendix B: AgendaAppendix C: AcronymsAppendix D: GlossaryAppendix E: Forum Member BiographiesAppendix F: Speaker Biographies

DKK 656.00
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Nutrigenomics and the Future of Nutrition - Health And Medicine Division - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Nutrigenomics and the Future of Nutrition - Health And Medicine Division - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

On December 5, 2017, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine hosted a public workshop titled Nutrigenomics and the Future of Nutrition in Washington, DC, to review current knowledge in the field of nutrigenomics as it relates to nutrition. Workshop participants explored the influence of genetic and epigenetic expression on nutritional status and the potential impact of personalized nutrition on health maintenance and chronic disease prevention. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. Table of ContentsFront Matter1 Introduction2 Nutrigenomics and Chronic Disease Endpoints3 Personalized Nutrition in the Real World4 Nutrigenomics Applications: Dietary Guidance and Food Product Development5 Nutrigenomics: Regulatory, Ethical, and Science Policy Considerations6 Rethinking the Relationship Between Diet and Health: Can Nutrigenomics Help?ReferencesAppendix A: Workshop AgendaAppendix B: Acronyms and AbbreviationsAppendix C: Speaker and Facilitator Biographies

DKK 396.00
1

People Living with Disabilities - Board On Population Health And Public Health Practice - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

People Living with Disabilities - Board On Population Health And Public Health Practice - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Poor health literacy has many negative consequences for achieving the quadruple aim of better care, improving the health of the community and the population, providing affordable care, and improving the work life of health care providers, and those consequences disproportionatelyaffect those individuals with disabilities and those who experience health disparities. To better understand how health literacy, health equity, and health disparities intersect for individuals living with disabilities, the Roundtable on the Promotion of Health Equity and the Elimination of Health Disparities and the Roundtable on Health Literacy jointly sponsored a workshop that was held on June 14, 2016, in Washington, DC. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. Table of ContentsFront Matter1 Introduction2 Overview3 Voices of the Community4 Provider and System Barriers5 Exploring Models and Best Practices6 Reflections on the DayReferencesAppendix A: Workshop AgendaAppendix B: Workshop Speaker and Moderator Biographical Sketches

DKK 422.00
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Managing Food Safety Practices from Farm to Table - Food Forum - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Managing Food Safety Practices from Farm to Table - Food Forum - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Legal regulations and manufacturers' monitoring practices have not been enough to prevent contamination of the national food supply and protect consumers from serious harm. In addressing food safety risks, regulators could perhaps better ensure the quality and safety of food by monitoring food production not just at a single point in production but all along the way, from farm to table. Recognizing the troubled state of food safety, the Institute of Medicine's (IOM) Food Forum met in Washington, DC, on September 9, 2008, to explore the management of food safety practices from the beginning of the supply chain to the marketplace. Table of ContentsFront MatterOverview1 Introduction2 Recent Outbreaks in Food Products: Lessons Learned from Past Experience3 The Complexities of Food Safety and Some Strategic Approaches Being Taken4 The Way Forward: Varying PerspectivesAppendix A: Workshop AgendaAppendix B: Workshop ParticipantsAppendix C: Speaker, Moderator, and Disscussant BiographiesAppendix D: Acronyms and Abbreviations

DKK 412.00
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Global Harmonization of Methodological Approaches to Nutrient Intake Recommendations - Health And Medicine Division - Bog - National Academies Press -

Global Harmonization of Methodological Approaches to Nutrient Intake Recommendations - Health And Medicine Division - Bog - National Academies Press -

The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a public workshop in September 2017 to explore the evidence for achieving global harmonization of methodological approaches to establishing nutrient intake recommendations. Participants reviewed current nutrient intake recommendations, discussed the feasibility of harmonizing approaches to setting such recommendations globally, examined the development of principles by which they may be applied in diverse contexts that relate to individuals or populations, or regulatory purposes, and examined perceptions and acceptance of nutrient intake recommendations by different stakeholders. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. Table of ContentsFront Matter1 Introduction2 Background for the Workshop3 Harmonization Frameworks4 Current Models for Establishing Intake Recommendations5 Exploring Approaches to Evaluating the Evidence6 Contextual Factors: Host, Diet/Environment, and Health Status7 Breakout Discussions: Applications, Facilitating Quality, and Cost-Effectiveness8 Exploring Advantages, Barriers, and Challenges to Global Harmonization of Methodologies for Nutrient Intake Recommendations9 Moving the Conversation ForwardReferencesAppendix A Workshop AgendaAppendix B Speaker and Facilitator Biographies

DKK 396.00
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Exploring Equity in Multisector Community Health Partnerships - Health And Medicine Division - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Exploring Equity in Multisector Community Health Partnerships - Health And Medicine Division - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Building on previous National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine workshops that explored how safe and healthy communities are a necessary component of health equity and efforts to improve population health, the Roundtable on Population Health Improvement wanted to explore how a variety of community-based organizations came together to achieve population health. To do so, the roundtable hosted a workshop in Oakland, California, on December 8, 2016, to explore multisector health partnerships that engage residents, reduce health disparities, and improve health and well-being. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. Table of ContentsFront Matter1 Introduction2 Community-Driven Approaches to Building Healthy Communities3 Improving Health Through Equitable Transformative Community Change4 Engaging Communities in Building a Culture of Health5 Building and Sustaining Equitable Community Partnerships6 Reflections on the WorkshopAppendix A: ReferencesAppendix B: Workshop AgendaAppendix C: Communities of Solution: A Working Model Based on Scale and Community Bright Spots Developed by 100 Million Healthier LivesAppendix D: Speaker and Moderator Biographical Sketches

DKK 448.00
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Exploring the Frontiers of Innovation to Tackle Microbial Threats - Health And Medicine Division - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Exploring the Frontiers of Innovation to Tackle Microbial Threats - Health And Medicine Division - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

On December 4-5, 2019, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a 1.5-day public workshop titled Exploring the Frontiers of Innovation to Tackle Microbial Threats. The workshop participants examined major advances in scientific, technological, and social innovations against microbial threats. Such innovations include diagnostics, vaccines (both development and production), and antimicrobials, as well as nonpharmaceutical interventions and changes in surveillance. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. Table of ContentsFront Matter1 Introduction2 Pivotal Role of Innovations in Tackling Microbial Threats: Lessons from Past Outbreaks3 Harnessing Lessons from Emerging Scientific, Technological, and Social Innovations4 Overcoming Barriers in the Field to Bolster Access and Practical Use of Innovations5 Systems Approaches to Spur Innovations in Tackling Antimicrobial Resistance6 Breaking Down Barriers and Fostering Partnerships to Enable Innovation7 Nurturing Innovations Through Novel Ecosystems to Accelerate Research and Development8 Visionary Statements on Priorities for InnovationReferencesAppendix A: Workshop Statement of TaskAppendix B: Workshop AgendaAppendix C: Speaker Biographies

DKK 422.00
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Virtual Clinical Trials - Development Forum On Drug Discovery - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Virtual Clinical Trials - Development Forum On Drug Discovery - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Successful drug development relies on accurate and efficient clinical trials to deliver the best and most effective pharmaceuticals and clinical care to patients. However, the current model for clinical trials is outdated, inefficient and costly. Clinical trials are limited by small sample sizes that do not reflect variations among patients in the real world, financial burdens on participants, and slow processes, and these factors contribute to the disconnect between clinical research and clinical practice. On November 28-29, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop to investigate the current clinical trials system and explore the potential benefits and challenges of implementing virtual clinical trials as an enhanced alternative for the future. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. Table of ContentsFront Matter1 Introduction2 Opportunities to Improve Clinical Trials3 Exploring Virtual Clinical Trials4 Access and Equity5 Policy Considerations6 Reflections on the Workshop and Potential Future DirectionsReferencesAppendix A: Workshop AgendaAppendix B: Workshop Speaker Biographical SketchesAppendix C: Examples of Virtual Clinical Trials Included in the Workshop HandoutAppendix D: Virtual Clinical Trials Presented by Speakers at the Workshop

DKK 409.00
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Exploring Medical and Public Health Preparedness for a Nuclear Incident - Health And Medicine Division - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Exploring Medical and Public Health Preparedness for a Nuclear Incident - Health And Medicine Division - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a workshop on August 22-23, 2018, in Washington, DC, to explore medical and public health preparedness for a nuclear incident. The event brought together experts from government, nongovernmental organizations, academia, and the private sector to explore current assumptions behind the status of medical and public health preparedness for a nuclear incident, examine potential changes in these assumptions in light of increasing concerns about the use of nuclear warfare, and discuss challenges and opportunities for capacity building in the current threat environment. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. Table of ContentsFront Matter1 Introduction2 Federal Planning for Nuclear Incidents3 Current State of Nuclear Preparedness4 Updating Planning Assumptions of Nuclear Preparedness5 Implications of Communication, Education, and Information Challenges6 Challenges for Building Capacity Within the Health Care System7 Capability-Building Challenges and Opportunities: Building Response Capability8 Capability-Building Challenges and Opportunities: Ensuring Workforce Readiness and Response Capacity9 Building Preparedness and Response Capability: Looking to the Future10 Reflections on the Workshop and Opportunities for Moving ForwardReferencesAppendix A: Workshop AgendaAppendix B: Workshop Speaker Biographies

DKK 422.00
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Educating Health Professionals to Address the Social Determinants of Mental Health - Health And Medicine Division - Bog - National Academies Press -

Educating Health Professionals to Address the Social Determinants of Mental Health - Health And Medicine Division - Bog - National Academies Press -

The social determinants of mental health involve the economic, social, and political conditions into which one is born that influence a person's mental health - and, in particular, that affect the likelihood a person raised in deficient or dangerous conditions often associated with poverty will develop persistent mental health challenges throughout his or her life. To explore how health professions education and practice organizations and programs are currently addressing social determinants that contribute to mental health disparities across the lifespan, the Global Forum on Innovation in Health Professional Education of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine hosted a workshop in Washington, DC on November 14-15, 2019. This publication summarizes the presentation and discussion of the workshop. Table of ContentsFront Matter1 Introduction2 The Social Determinants of Mental Health3 Recruiting and Supporting a Diverse Workforce4 Experiential Learning In and Out of the Classroom5 Turning Experience into PolicyAppendix A: Members of the Global Forum on Innovation in Health Professional EducationAppendix B: Planning Meeting and Workshop AgendasAppendix C: Speaker Biographical SketchesAppendix D: Background PaperAppendix E: Faculty Development MaterialsAppendix F: Forum-Sponsored Products

DKK 472.00
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Achieving Rural Health Equity and Well-Being - Board On Population Health And Public Health Practice - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Achieving Rural Health Equity and Well-Being - Board On Population Health And Public Health Practice - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Rural counties make up about 80 percent of the land area of the United States, but they contain less than 20 percent of the U.S. population. The relative sparseness of the population in rural areas is one of many factors that influence the health and well-being of rural Americans. Rural areas have histories, economies, and cultures that differ from those of cities and from one rural area to another. Understanding these differences is critical to taking steps to improve health and well-being in rural areas and to reduce health disparities among rural populations. To explore the impacts of economic, demographic, and social issues in rural communities and to learn about asset-based approaches to addressing the associated challenges, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a workshop on June 13, 2017. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. Table of ContentsFront Matter1 Introduction2 Potential Challenges and Opportunities in Rural Communities3 Leveraging Resources to Advance Equity in Rural Areas4 Building Greater Prosperity in Rural Communities5 Equitable Access to Health and Health Care6 Final ReflectionsReferencesAppendix A: Workshop AgendaAppendix B: Speaker Biographical Sketches

DKK 409.00
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Examining Special Nutritional Requirements in Disease States - Health And Medicine Division - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Examining Special Nutritional Requirements in Disease States - Health And Medicine Division - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

The amount of nutrients required by an individual is determined by a number of physiological processes, including absorption, metabolism, stability, and bio-activation. These processes determine nutrient needs and provide variations in requirements in the population. All have modifiers and sensitizers, such as sex, genetics, pregnancy, age, pharmaceuticals, toxins, food matrix, and epigenetics. Disease can also be a major modifier of these processes. In April 2018, the National Academies of Science, Engineering and Medicine convened a workshop in order to explore the evidence for special nutritional requirements in disease states and the medical conditions that cannot be met with a normal diet. Participants explored the impact a disease state can have on nutrient metabolism and nutritional status, and attempted to close informational gaps. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. Table of ContentsFront Matter1 Introduction and Workshop Overview2 Addressing Nutrient Needs Due to Loss of Function in Genetic Diseases3 Disease-Induced Loss of Function and Tissue Regeneration4 Disease-Induced Deficiency and Conditionally Essential Nutrients in Disease5 Building the Evidence Base: Research Approaches for Nutrients in Disease States6 Exploring Potential OpportunitiesAppendix A: Workshop AgendaAppendix B: Speaker and Moderator Biographical Sketches

DKK 442.00
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Approaches to Reducing the Use of Forced or Child Labor - Policy And Global Affairs - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Approaches to Reducing the Use of Forced or Child Labor - Policy And Global Affairs - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Globally, child labor and forced labor are widespread and complex problems. They are conceptually different phenomena, requiring different policy responses, though they may also overlap in practice. The Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 (TVPA) was designed to reduce the use of child and forced labor in the production of goods consumed in the United States. The Act was reauthorized in 2003, 2005, and 2008. In response to provisions of TVPA, the the Bureau of International Labor Affairs requested that the National Research Council organize a two-day workshop. The workshop, summarized in this volume, discusses methods for identifying and organizing a standard set of practices that will reduce the likelihood that persons will use forced labor or child labor to produce goods, with a focus on business and governmental practices. Table of ContentsFront Matter1 INTRODUCTION2 SCOPE OF THE WORKSHOP3 ASSESSING THE CONTEXT OF CHILD AND FORCED LABOR4 ILLUSTRATIVE BUSINESS PRACTICES5 CRITERIA FOR ASSESSMENT6 WRAP-UPAppendix A Committee Member BiographiesAppendix B Workshop AgendaAppendix C Speaker BiographiesAppendix D Workshop ParticipantsAppendix E Definitions of Child and Forced LaborAppendix F Illustrative Examples of Business PracticesAppendix G Submissions to the WorkshopAppendix H Submissions following the Workshop

DKK 472.00
1

Integrating Responses at the Intersection of Opioid Use Disorder and Infectious Disease Epidemics - Board On Population Health And Public Health

Integrating Responses at the Intersection of Opioid Use Disorder and Infectious Disease Epidemics - Board On Population Health And Public Health

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 115 Americans die each day from an opioid overdose, which averages one death every 12.5 minutes. Between 1999 and 2016, the number of drug overdoses catapulted by 300 percent, with injection drug use increasing by 93 percent between 2004 and 2014 and opioid-related hospital admissions increasing by 58 percent over the past decade. And an inexorable sequela of the opioid epidemic is the spread of infectious diseases. To address these infectious disease consequences of the opioid crisis, a public workshop titled Integrating Infectious Disease Considerations with Response to the Opioid Epidemic was convened on March 12 and 13, 2018, by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Participants discussed strategies to prevent and treat infections in people who inject drugs, especially ways to work efficiently though the existing public health and medical systems. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. Table of ContentsFront Matter1 Introduction2 The Scope of the Problem3 Exploring Opportunities for, and Barriers to, Treatment and Prevention in Public Health, Hospitals, and Rural America4 Exploring Opportunities in Correctional Health, Law, and Law Enforcement5 Research Directions, Policy Initiatives, and Potential Ways ForwardAppendix A Workshop AgendaAppendix B Speaker and Planning Committee Member BiosketchesAppendix C Statement of Task

DKK 442.00
1

The Science and Applications of Synthetic and Systems Biology - Institute Of Medicine - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

The Science and Applications of Synthetic and Systems Biology - Institute Of Medicine - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Many potential applications of synthetic and systems biology are relevant to the challenges associated with the detection, surveillance, and responses to emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. On March 14 and 15, 2011, the Institute of Medicine's (IOM's) Forum on Microbial Threats convened a public workshop in Washington, DC, to explore the current state of the science of synthetic biology, including its dependency on systems biology; discussed the different approaches that scientists are taking to engineer, or reengineer, biological systems; and discussed how the tools and approaches of synthetic and systems biology were being applied to mitigate the risks associated with emerging infectious diseases. The Science and Applications of Synthetic and Systems Biology is organized into sections as a topic-by-topic distillation of the presentations and discussions that took place at the workshop. Its purpose is to present information from relevant experience, to delineate a range of pivotal issues and their respective challenges, and to offer differing perspectives on the topic as discussed and described by the workshop participants. This report also includes a collection of individually authored papers and commentary. Table of ContentsFront MatterWorkshop OverviewAppendix A: Contributed ManuscriptsAppendix B: AgendaAppendix C: AcronymsAppendix D: GlossaryAppendix E: Forum Member BiographiesAppendix F: Speaker Biographies

DKK 500.00
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Implications of Artificial Intelligence for Cybersecurity - Computer Science And Telecommunications Board - Bog - National Academies Press -

Implications of Artificial Intelligence for Cybersecurity - Computer Science And Telecommunications Board - Bog - National Academies Press -

In recent years, interest and progress in the area of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have boomed, with new applications vigorously pursued across many sectors. At the same time, the computing and communications technologies on which we have come to rely present serious security concerns: cyberattacks have escalated in number, frequency, and impact, drawing increased attention to the vulnerabilities of cyber systems and the need to increase their security. In the face of this changing landscape, there is significant concern and interest among policymakers, security practitioners, technologists, researchers, and the public about the potential implications of AI and ML for cybersecurity. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop on March 12-13, 2019 to discuss and explore these concerns. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. Table of ContentsFront Matter1 Introduction and Context2 Artificial Intelligence and the Landscape of Cyber Engagements3 Currently Deployed Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Tools for Cyber Defense Operations4 Adversarial Artificial Intelligence for Cybersecurity: Research and Development and Emerging Areas5 Security Risks of Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Systems6 Deep Fakes7 Wrap-Up Discussion: Identifying Key Implications and Open QuestionsAppendixesAppendix A: Workshop AgendaAppendix B: Additional Discussion Questions from SponsorAppendix C: Planning Committee and Staff BiographiesAppendix D: Speaker BiographiesAppendix E: Abbreviations and Acronyms

DKK 396.00
1

Spectrum Management for Science in the 21st Century - National Research Council - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Spectrum Management for Science in the 21st Century - National Research Council - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Radio observations of the cosmos are gathered by geoscientists using complex earth-orbiting satellites and ground-based equipment, and by radio astronomers using large ground-based radio telescopes. Signals from natural radio emissions are extremely weak, and the equipment used to measure them is becoming ever-more sophisticated and sensitive. The radio spectrum is also being used by radiating, or "active," services, ranging from aircraft radars to rapidly expanding consumer services such as cellular telephones and wireless internet. These valuable active services transmit radio waves and thereby potentially interfere with the receive-only, or "passive," scientific services. Transmitters for the active services create an artificial "electronic fog" which can cause confusion, and, in severe cases, totally blinds the passive receivers. Both the active and the passive services are increasing their use of the spectrum, and so the potential for interference, already strong, is also increasing. This book addresses the tension between the active services' demand for greater spectrum use and the passive users' need for quiet spectrum. The included recommendations provide a pathway for putting in place the regulatory mechanisms and associated supporting research activities necessary to meet the demands of both users.

DKK 500.00
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Next Steps for Functional Genomics - Board On Life Sciences - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Next Steps for Functional Genomics - Board On Life Sciences - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

One of the holy grails in biology is the ability to predict functional characteristics from an organism's genetic sequence. Despite decades of research since the first sequencing of an organism in 1995, scientists still do not understand exactly how the information in genes is converted into an organism's phenotype, its physical characteristics. Functional genomics attempts to make use of the vast wealth of data from "-omics" screens and projects to describe gene and protein functions and interactions. A February 2020 workshop was held to determine research needs to advance the field of functional genomics over the next 10-20 years. Speakers and participants discussed goals, strategies, and technical needs to allow functional genomics to contribute to the advancement of basic knowledge and its applications that would benefit society. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. Table of ContentsFront Matter1 Introduction2 The GenotypePhenotype Challenge3 Case Studies on Building Functional Genomics Tools in Diverse Systems4 Understanding the Contributions of Non-Protein-Coding DNA to Phenotype5 Advancing Research on the Environmental Regulation of Gene Function6 Predicting Current and Future Sources of Variation in Quantitative Traits7 Interpreting and Validating Results from High-Throughput Screening Approaches8 Large Databases and Consortia9 Big-Picture Challenges in Research, Education, and Training10 Future of Functional GenomicsReferencesAppendix A: Statement of TaskAppendix B: Workshop AgendaAppendix C: Planning Committee BiographiesAppendix D: Speaker BiographiesAppendix E: Acronyms and Abbreviations

DKK 448.00
1

The Role of Digital Health Technologies in Drug Development - Development Forum On Drug Discovery - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

The Role of Digital Health Technologies in Drug Development - Development Forum On Drug Discovery - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

On March 24, 2020, a 1-day public workshop titled The Role of Digital Health Technologies in Drug Development was convened by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. This workshop builds on prior efforts to explore how virtual clinical trials facilitated by digital health technologies (DHTs) might change the landscape of drug development. To explore the challenges and opportunities in using DHTs for improving the probability of success in drug R&D, enabling better patient care, and improving precision medicine, the workshop featured presentations and panel discussions on the integration of DHTs across all phases of drug development. Throughout the workshop, participants considered how DHTs could be applied to achieve the greatest impact—and perhaps even change the face of how clinical trials are conducted—in ways that are also ethical, equitable, safe, and effective. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. Table of ContentsFront Matter1 Introduction2 Ethical and Regulatory Considerations for Digital Health Technologies3 Digital Health Technologies for Characterizing Disease4 Digital Health Technologies for Recruitment and Safety5 Digital Health Technologies for Pivotal Trials6 Digital Health Technologies for Enhancing Real-World Evidence Collection, Patient Centricity, and Post-Market Studies7 Reflections and Key TakeawaysReferencesAppendix A: Workshop Statement of TaskAppendix B: Workshop AgendaAppendix C: Planning Committee Biographical SketchesAppendix D: Workshop Speaker Biographical Sketches

DKK 474.00
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Antarctic Sea Ice Variability in the Southern Ocean-Climate System - Ocean Studies Board - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Antarctic Sea Ice Variability in the Southern Ocean-Climate System - Ocean Studies Board - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

The sea ice surrounding Antarctica has increased in extent and concentration from the late 1970s, when satellite-based measurements began, until 2015. Although this increasing trend is modest, it is surprising given the overall warming of the global climate and the region. Indeed, climate models, which incorporate our best understanding of the processes affecting the region, generally simulate a decrease in sea ice. Moreover, sea ice in the Arctic has exhibited pronounced declines over the same period, consistent with global climate model simulations. For these reasons, the behavior of Antarctic sea ice has presented a conundrum for global climate change science. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a workshop in January 2016, to bring together scientists with different sets of expertise and perspectives to further explore potential mechanisms driving the evolution of recent Antarctic sea ice variability and to discuss ways to advance understanding of Antarctic sea ice and its relationship to the broader ocean-climate system. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. Table of ContentsFront MatterAntarctic Sea Ice Variability in the Southern Ocean-Climate System: Proceedings of a WorkshopReferencesAppendix A: Statement of TaskAppendix B: Definitions of Key TermsAppendix C: Acronyms and AbbreviationsAppendix D: Workshop Agenda and ParticipantsAppendix E: Invited Speaker AbstractsAppendix F: Biographical Sketches of Planning Committee Members

DKK 396.00
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Promoting Chemical Laboratory Safety and Security in Developing Countries - Board On Chemical Sciences And Technology - Bog - National Academies Press

Promoting Chemical Laboratory Safety and Security in Developing Countries - Board On Chemical Sciences And Technology - Bog - National Academies Press

There is growing concern about the possible use of toxic industrial chemicals or other hazardous chemicals by those seeking to perpetrate acts of terrorism. The U.S. Chemical Security Engagement Program (CSP), funded by the U.S. Department of State and run by Sandia National Laboratories, seeks to develop and facilitate cooperative international activities that promote best practices in chemical security and safe management of toxic chemicals, including:Partnering with host governments, chemical professionals, and industry to assess and fill gaps in chemical security abroad. Providing technical expertise and training to improve best practices in security and safety among chemical professionals and industry. Increasing transparency and accountability for dangerous chemical materials, expertise, and technologies. Providing opportunities for collaboration with the international professional chemical community. The Department of State called on the National Academies to assist in the CSP's efforts to promote chemical safety and security in developing countries. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary and Recommendations1 Current Patterns of Procurement, Use, and Distribution of Chemicals in Developing Countries2 Chemical Laboratory Safety and Security Outreach in Developing Countries3 Guidelines for Establishing a Chemical Laboratory Safety and Security Program4 Compliance with Safety and Security Rules, Programs, and PoliciesAppendix A: Statement of TaskAppendix B: Meeting AgendaAppendix C: Committee and Guest Speaker InformationAppendix D: Examples of Chemicals of ConcernAppendix E: Sample Safety, Health, and Environment Policy StatementAppendix F: Sample Forms for Chemical Handling and ManagementAppendix G: Compliance Forms

DKK 461.00
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The Influence of Global Environmental Change on Infectious Disease Dynamics - Institute Of Medicine - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

The Influence of Global Environmental Change on Infectious Disease Dynamics - Institute Of Medicine - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

The twentieth century witnessed an era of unprecedented, large-scale, anthropogenic changes to the natural environment. Understanding how environmental factors directly and indirectly affect the emergence and spread of infectious disease has assumed global importance for life on this planet. While the causal links between environmental change and disease emergence are complex, progress in understanding these links, as well as how their impacts may vary across space and time, will require transdisciplinary, transnational, collaborative research. This research may draw upon the expertise, tools, and approaches from a variety of disciplines. Such research may inform improvements in global readiness and capacity for surveillance, detection, and response to emerging microbial threats to plant, animal, and human health. The Influence of Global Environmental Change on Infectious Disease Dynamics is the summary of a workshop hosted by the Institute of Medicine Forum on Microbial Threats in September 2013 to explore the scientific and policy implications of the impacts of global environmental change on infectious disease emergence, establishment, and spread. This report examines the observed and potential influence of environmental factors, acting both individually and in synergy, on infectious disease dynamics. The report considers a range of approaches to improve global readiness and capacity for surveillance, detection, and response to emerging microbial threats to plant, animal, and human health in the face of ongoing global environmental change. Table of ContentsFront MatterWorkshop OverviewAppendix A: Contributed ManuscriptsAppendix B: AgendaAppendix C: AcronymsAppendix D: GlossaryAppendix E: Speaker Biographies

DKK 526.00
1

Mitigating the Nutritional Impacts of the Global Food Price Crisis - Food And Nutrition Board - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Mitigating the Nutritional Impacts of the Global Food Price Crisis - Food And Nutrition Board - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

In 2007 and 2008, the world witnessed a dramatic increase in food prices. The global financial crisis that began in 2008 compounded the burden of high food prices, exacerbating the problems of hunger and malnutrition in developing countries. The tandem food price and economic crises struck amidst the massive, chronic problem of hunger and undernutrition in developing countries. National governments and international actors have taken a variety of steps to mitigate the negative effects of increased food prices on particular groups. The recent abrupt increase in food prices, in tandem with the current global economic crisis, threatens progress already made in these areas, and could inhibit future efforts. The Institute of Medicine held a workshop, summarized in this volume, to describe the dynamic technological, agricultural, and economic issues contributing to the food price increases of 2007 and 2008 and their impacts on health and nutrition in resource-poor regions. The compounding effects of the current global economic downturn on nutrition motivated additional discussions on these dual crises, their impacts on the nutritional status of vulnerable populations, and opportunities to mitigate their negative nutritional effects. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 The Dual Crises: Tandem Threats to Nutrition3 Impacts on Nutrition4 Responding to the Crises at the Country Level5 A Role for Nutrition Surveillance in Addressing the Global Food Crisis6 The Global Response to the Crises7 U.S. Policy in Food and NutritionAppendix A: Workshop AgendaAppendix B: Speaker BiographiesAppendix C: Workshop Registrants

DKK 606.00
1