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The Chemistry of Fires at the Wildland-Urban Interface - Board On Chemical Sciences And Technology - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

The Chemistry of Fires at the Wildland-Urban Interface - Board On Chemical Sciences And Technology - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Wildfires in America are becoming larger, more frequent, and more destructive, driven by climate change and existing land management practices. Many of these fires occur at the wildland-urban interface (WUI), areas where development and wildland areas overlap and which are increasingly at risk of devastating fires as communities continue to expand into previously undeveloped areas. Unlike conventional wildfires, WUI fires are driven in part by burning of homes, cars, and other human-made structures, and in part by burning vegetation. The interaction of these two types of fires can lead to public health effects that are unique to WUI fires. This report evaluates existing and needed chemistry information that decision-makers can use to mitigate WUI fires and their potential health impacts. It describes key fuels of concern in WUI fires, especially household components like siding, insulation, and plastic, examines key pathways for exposure, including inhalation and ingestion, and identifies communities vulnerable to exposures. The report recommends a research agenda to inform response to and prevention of WUI fires, outlining needs in characterizing fuels, and predicting emissions and toxicants. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 Defining and Contextualizing WUI Fires3 Materials, Combustion, and Emissions in WUI Fires4 Atmospheric Transport and Chemical Transformations5 Water and Soil Contamination6 Human Exposures, Health Impacts, and Mitigation7 Measurement of WUI Fires: Emissions and Exposures8 The Future of WUI Fire ResearchAppendix A: GlossaryAppendix B: Committee Biographical SketchesAppendix C: Available Data for Example FiresAppendix D: Public Workshop AgendaAppendix E: Engineering Calculations for Table 3-2

DKK 461.00
1

Progress Toward Restoring the Everglades - Board On Environmental Studies And Toxicology - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Progress Toward Restoring the Everglades - Board On Environmental Studies And Toxicology - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Twelve years into the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Project, little progress has been made in restoring the core of the remaining Everglades ecosystem; instead, most project construction so far has occurred along its periphery. To reverse ongoing ecosystem declines, it will be necessary to expedite restoration projects that target the central Everglades, and to improve both the quality and quantity of the water in the ecosystem. The new Central Everglades Planning Project offers an innovative approach to this challenge, although additional analyses are needed at the interface of water quality and water quantity to maximize restoration benefits within existing legal constraints. Progress Toward Restoring the Everglades: The Fourth Biennial Review, 2012 explains the innovative approach to expedite restoration progress and additional rigorous analyses at the interface of water quality and quantity will be essential to maximize restoration benefits.

DKK 344.00
1

Advancing Chemistry and Quantum Information Science - Committee On Identifying Opportunities At The Interface Of Chemistry And Quantum Information

Advancing Chemistry and Quantum Information Science - Committee On Identifying Opportunities At The Interface Of Chemistry And Quantum Information

The field of quantum information science (QIS) has witnessed a dramatic rise in scientific research activities in the 21st century as excitement has grown about its potential to revolutionize communications and computing, strengthen encryption, and enhance quantum sensing, among other applications. While, historically, QIS research has been dominated by the field of physics and computer engineering, this report explores how chemistry - in particular the use of molecular qubits - could advance QIS. In turn, researchers are also examining how QIS could be used to solve problems in chemistry, for example, to facilitate new drug and material designs, health and environmental monitoring tools, and more sustainable energy production. Recognizing that QIS could be a disruptive technology with the potential to create groundbreaking products and new industries, Advancing Chemistry and Quantum Information Science calls for U.S. leadership to build a robust enterprise to facilitate and support research at the intersection of chemistry and QIS. This report identifies three key research areas: design and synthesis of molecular qubit systems, measurement and control of molecular quantum systems, and experimental and computational approaches for scaling qubit design and function. Advancing Chemistry and Quantum Information Science recommends that the Department of Energy, National Science Foundation, and other funding agencies should support multidisciplinary and collaborative research in QIS, the development of new instrumentation, and facilities, centralized and open-access databases, and efforts to create a more diverse and inclusive chemical workforce. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 Design and Synthesis of Molecular Qubit Systems3 Measurement and Control of Molecular Quantum Systems4 Experimental and Computational Approaches for Scaling Qubit Design and Function5 Building a Diverse, Quantum-Capable Workforce and Fostering Economic Development at the Intersection of QIS and ChemistryAppendix A: Committee Members' Biographical SketchesAppendix B: Agendas for Information-Gathering Meetings 13Appendix C: Multidisciplinary Centers Established under the National Quantum Initiative Act (NQIA) or National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) and Related QIS ProgramsAppendix D: Programs Offering QISE (Quantum Information Science and Engineering)-Related Degrees or CertificatesAppendix E: Acronyms and Glossary

DKK 312.00
1

Frontiers of Engineering - National Academy Of Engineering - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Frontiers of Engineering - National Academy Of Engineering - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

This volume presents papers on the topics covered at the National Academy of Engineering's 2017 US Frontiers of Engineering Symposium. Every year the symposium brings together 100 outstanding young leaders in engineering to share their cutting-edge research and innovations in selected areas. The 2017 symposium was held September 25-27 at the United Technologies Research Center in East Hartford, Connecticut. The intent of this book is to convey the excitement of this unique meeting and to highlight innovative developments in engineering research and technical work. Table of ContentsFront MatterMACHINES THAT TEACH THEMSELVESMachines That Teach Themselves - Rajan BhattacharyyaHumans and Computers Working Together to Measure Machine Learning Interpretability - Jordan Boyd-GraberENERGY STRATEGIES TO POWER OUR FUTUREEnergy Strategies to Power Our Future - Katherine Dykes and Jeremy MundayAgile Fractal Systems: Reenvisioning Power System Architecture - Timothy D. Heidel and Craig MillerBig Data and Analytics for Wind Energy Operations and Maintenance: Opportunities, Trends, and Challenges in the Industrial Internet - Bouchra BouqataAcross Dimensions and Scales: How Imaging and Machine Learning Will Help Design Tomorrow's Energy Conversion Devices - Mariana BertoniWireless Charging of Electric Vehicles - Khurram AfridiUNRAVELING THE COMPLEXITY OF THE BRAINUnraveling the Complexity of the Brain - Xue Han and Maryam M. ShanechiTechnologies to Interface with the Brain for Recording and Modulation - Ellis MengBrain-Machine Interface Paradigms for Neuroscience and Clinical Translation - Samantha R. Santacruz, Vivek R. Athalye, Ryan M. Neely, and Jose M. CarmenaThe Roles of Machine Learning in Biomedical Science - Konrad Paul Kording, Ari S. Benjamin, Roozbeh Farhoodi, and Joshua I. GlaserEfficient Feature Extraction and Classification Methods in Neural Interfaces - Mahsa Shoaran, Benyamin A. Haghi, Masoud Farivar, and Azita EmamiMEGATALL BUILDINGS AND OTHER FUTURE PLACES OF WORKMegatall Buildings and Other Future Places of Work - Maria Paz Gutierrez and Marija TrckaThe Evolution of Elevators: Physical-Human Interface, Digital Interaction, and Megatall Buildings - Stephen R. NicholsSupertall Timber: Functional Natural Materials for High-Rise Structures - Michael H. RamageApplications of Insights from Biology and Mathematics to the Design of Material Structures - Jenny E. SabinAPPENDIXESContributorsParticipantsProgram

DKK 292.00
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Environmental Contamination, Biotechnology, and the Law - National Research Council - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Environmental Contamination, Biotechnology, and the Law - National Research Council - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

On August 16, 2000, the Board on Life Sciences held a forum on "Environmental Contamination, Biotechnology, and the Law: The Impact of Emerging Genomic Information." The purpose of the forum was to explore the legal implications of current and developing biotechnology approaches to evaluating potential human health and environmental effects caused by exposure to environmental contaminants and to cleaning up contaminated areas. The forum brought together scientists from academe, government, and industry and members of the legal community, including lawyers and judges, to discuss the interface between the use of those approaches and the legal system.

DKK 305.00
1

Materials Science and Technology - Committee On Challenges For The Chemical Sciences In The 21st Century - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Materials Science and Technology - Committee On Challenges For The Chemical Sciences In The 21st Century - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

The report assesses the current state of chemistry and chemical engineering at the interface with materials science and identifies challenges for research. Recent advances are blurring the distinction between chemistry and materials science and are enabling the creation of new materials that, to date, have only been predicted by theory. These advances include a greater ability to construct materials from molecular components, to design materials for a desired function, to understand molecular "self-assembly, and to improve processes by which the material is "engineered" into the final product. Table of ContentsFront MatterExecutive SummaryIntroduction1. Context and Overview2. Discovery3. Interfaces4. Challenges5. InfrastructureAppendix A: Statement of TaskAppendix B: Biographies of the Organizing Committee MembersAppendix C: AgendaAppendix D: ParticipantsAppendix E: Reports from the Breakout Session Groups

DKK 208.00
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Analysis of Global Change Assessments - National Research Council - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Analysis of Global Change Assessments - National Research Council - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Global change assessments inform decision makers about the scientific underpinnings of a range of environmental issues, such as climate change, stratospheric ozone depletion, and loss of biodiversity. Dozens of assessments have been conducted to date by various U.S. and international groups, many of them influencing public policies, technology development, and research directions. This report analyzes strengths and weaknesses of eight past assessments to inform future efforts. Common elements of effective assessments include strong leadership, extensive engagement with interested and affected parties, a transparent science-policy interface, and well defined communication strategies. The report identifies 11 essential elements of effective assessments and recommends that future assessments include decision support tools that make use of information at the regional and local level where decisions are made.

DKK 370.00
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Exploring Early Childhood Care and Education Levers to Improve Population Health - Health And Medicine Division - Bog - National Academies Press -

Exploring Early Childhood Care and Education Levers to Improve Population Health - Health And Medicine Division - Bog - National Academies Press -

On September 14, 2017, the Roundtable on Population Health Improvement of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop to explore the intersection of health and early childhood care and education, two key social determinants of health. This workshop follows a 2014 roundtable workshop that considered the interface between the education and health sectors broadly, from research and metrics to cross-sectoral partnerships and financing. The 2017 workshop continued that discussion, with a deeper focus on early childhood (birth through age 5) as a critical period in human development and an important opportunity for educational and related interventions. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the 2017 workshop. Table of ContentsFront Matter1 Introduction2 Exploring the Evidence at the Intersection of Early Care and Education with Health3 Cross-Sector Collaboration4 Potential Policy Challenges and Opportunities5 Closing Remarks and Reflections on the DayAppendix A: ReferencesAppendix B: Workshop AgendaAppendix C: Gallery Walk Questions and InputAppendix D: Biographical Sketches of Workshop Speakers and Moderators

DKK 318.00
1

The National Academies Keck Futures Initiative: Complex Systems - National Academies - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

The National Academies Keck Futures Initiative: Complex Systems - National Academies - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

The National Academies Keck Futures Initiative was launched in 2003 to stimulate new modes of scientific inquiry and break down the conceptual and institutional barriers to interdisciplinary research. At the Conference on Complex Systems, participants were divided into twelve interdisciplinary working groups. The groups spent nine hours over two days exploring diverse challenges at the interface of science, engineering, and medicine. The groups included researchers from science, engineering, and medicine, as well as representatives from private and public funding agencies, universities, businesses, journals, and the science media. The groups needed to address the challenge of communicating and working together from a diversity of expertise and perspectives as they attempted to solve complicated, interdisciplinary problems in a relatively short time. The summaries contained in this volume describe the problem and outline the approach taken, including what research needs to be done to understand the fundamental science behind the challenge, the proposed plan for engineering the application, the reasoning that went into it and the benefits to society of the problem solution.

DKK 92.00
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Collaboration Between Health Care and Public Health - Institute Of Medicine - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Collaboration Between Health Care and Public Health - Institute Of Medicine - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

On February 5, 2015, the Institute of Medicine Roundtable on Population Health Improvement hosted a workshop to explore the relationship between public health and health care, including opportunities, challenges, and practical lessons. The workshop was convened in partnership with the Association of State and Territorial Health Officials (ASTHO)-Supported Primary Care and Public Health Collaborative. Organized in response to the 2012 IOM report Primary Care and Public Health: Exploring Integration to Improve Population Health, this workshop focused on current issues at the interface of public health and health care, including opportunities presented by and lessons learned from the Centers for Medicaid and Medicare Services State Innovation Models program. The workshop featured presentations on several dimensions of the public health-health care relationship. Collaboration Between Health Care and Public Health summarizes the presentations and discussion of the event. Table of ContentsFront Matter1 Introduction2 Collaborating to Advance Payment Reform3 Million Hearts: A National Public Health and Health Care Collaborative4 Collaboration Between Hospitals and Public Health Agencies5 A Collaborative Community Approach to Asthma Care6 Enhancing a Culture of Collaboration to Build a Culture of Health7 Reflections on the DayAppendix A: ReferencesAppendix B: Workshop AgendaAppendix C: Speaker and Moderator Biographical Sketches

DKK 318.00
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Population Health in Challenging Times: Insights from Key Domains - Board On Population Health And Public Health Practice - Bog - National Academies

Population Health in Challenging Times: Insights from Key Domains - Board On Population Health And Public Health Practice - Bog - National Academies

The year 2020 presented extraordinary challenges to organizations working to improve population health - from public health agencies at all levels of government to health systems to community-based non-profit organizations responding to health-related social needs. To improve understanding of how different domains in the population health field are responding to and being changed by two major crises (racial injustice and the COVID-19 pandemic), the Roundtable on Population Health Improvement of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a workshop from September 21-24, 2020, titled Population Health in Challenging Times: Insights from Key Domains. The workshop had sessions organized by themes: academic public health and population health; the social sector; health care, governmental public health; philanthropy; and cross-sector work. Each panel discussion highlighted difficulties and opportunities, both internal to the respective institutions and sectors, and at the interface with peers and partners, especially communities. This publication summarizes the presentations and panel discussions from the workshop. Table of ContentsFront Matter1 Introduction2 Academic Public Health and Population Health3 Social Sector4 The Health Care Response5 Public Health6 Transforming Philanthropy7 Insights and Strategies from Cross-Sector ThinkersAppendix A: ReferencesAppendix B: Workshop AgendaAppendix C: Speaker and Planning Committee Member Biosketches

DKK 344.00
1

Medicolegal Death Investigation System - Board On Health Promotion And Disease Prevention - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Medicolegal Death Investigation System - Board On Health Promotion And Disease Prevention - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

The US Department of Justice's National Institute of Justice (NIJ) asked the Institute of Medicine (IOM) of The National Academies to conduct a workshop that would examine the interface of the medicolegal death investigation system and the criminal justice system. NIJ was particularly interested in a workshop in which speakers would highlight not only the status and needs of the medicolegal death investigation system as currently administered by medical examiners and coroners but also its potential to meet emerging issues facing contemporary society in America. Additionally, the workshop was to highlight priority areas for a potential IOM study on this topic. To achieve those goals, IOM constituted the Committee for the Workshop on the Medicolegal Death Investigation System, which developed a workshop that focused on the role of the medical examiner and coroner death investigation system and its promise for improving both the criminal justice system and the public health and health care systems, and their ability to respond to terrorist threats and events. Six panels were formed to highlight different aspects of the medicolegal death investigation system, including ways to improve it and expand it beyond its traditional response and meet growing demands and challenges. This report summarizes the Workshop presentations and discussions that followed them. Table of ContentsFront Matter1. Introduction2. Opening Remarks3. Overview of the Medicolegal Death Investigation System in the United States4. Infrastructure and Training5. Professionalism, Standards, and Quality6. Comparing Medical Examiner and Coroner Systems7. Medicolegal Death Investigation and the Criminal Justice System8. Medicolegal Death Investigation, Public Health, and Health Care9. Homeland Security and Emergency Preparedness10. Closing RemarksReferencesAppendix A: Workshop AgendaAppendix B: Panel Members and Invited Speakers

DKK 247.00
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Next Generation Earth System Prediction - Ocean Studies Board - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Next Generation Earth System Prediction - Ocean Studies Board - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

As the nation's economic activities, security concerns, and stewardship of natural resources become increasingly complex and globally interrelated, they become ever more sensitive to adverse impacts from weather, climate, and other natural phenomena. For several decades, forecasts with lead times of a few days for weather and other environmental phenomena have yielded valuable information to improve decision-making across all sectors of society. Developing the capability to forecast environmental conditions and disruptive events several weeks and months in advance could dramatically increase the value and benefit of environmental predictions, saving lives, protecting property, increasing economic vitality, protecting the environment, and informing policy choices. Over the past decade, the ability to forecast weather and climate conditions on subseasonal to seasonal (S2S) timescales, i.e., two to fifty-two weeks in advance, has improved substantially. Although significant progress has been made, much work remains to make S2S predictions skillful enough, as well as optimally tailored and communicated, to enable widespread use. Next Generation Earth System Predictions presents a ten-year U.S. research agenda that increases the nation's S2S research and modeling capability, advances S2S forecasting, and aids in decision making at medium and extended lead times. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 History and Current Status of S2S Forecasting3 Enhancing the Value and Benefits of S2S Forecasts4 Sources of Subseasonal to Seasonal Predictability5 S2S Forecast Systems: Capabilities, Gaps, and Potential6 Interface Between Research and Operations7 Cyberinfrastructure and Workforce Capacity Building8 Vision and Way Forward for S2S Earth System PredictionAcronym ListReferencesAppendix A: Committee's Statement of TaskAppendix B: Details of Seasonal and Subseasonal Forecast SystemsAppendix C: Past, Current, and Planned Major International Process StudiesAppendix D: Biographical Sketches of Committee Members

DKK 682.00
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Human Performance Modification - Cognitive Board On Behavioral - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Human Performance Modification - Cognitive Board On Behavioral - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

The development of technologies to modify natural human physical and cognitive performance is one of increasing interest and concern, especially among military services that may be called on to defeat foreign powers with enhanced warfighter capabilities. Human performance modification (HPM) is a general term that can encompass actions ranging from the use of "natural" materials, such as caffeine or khat as a stimulant, to the application of nanotechnology as a drug delivery mechanism or in an invasive brain implant. Although the literature on HPM typically addresses methods that enhance performance, another possible focus is methods that degrade performance or negatively affect a military force's ability to fight. Advances in medicine, biology, electronics, and computation have enabled an increasingly sophisticated ability to modify the human body, and such innovations will undoubtedly be adopted by military forces, with potential consequences for both sides of the battle lines. Although some innovations may be developed for purely military applications, they are increasingly unlikely to remain exclusively in that sphere because of the globalization and internationalization of the commercial research base. Based on its review of the literature, the presentations it received and on its own expertise, the Committee on Assessing Foreign Technology Development in Human Performance Modification chose to focus on three general areas of HPM: human cognitive modification as a computational problem, human performance modification as a biological problem, and human performance modification as a function of the brain-computer interface. Human Performance Modification: Review of Worldwide Research with a View to the Future summarizes these findings. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 Human Cognitive Modification as a Computational Problem3 Human Performance Modification as a Biological Problem4 Human Performance Modification as a Function of BrainComputer InterfacesBibliographyAppendixesAppendix A: Biographic Sketches of Committee MembersAppendix B: Meetings and SpeakersAppendix C: Acronyms and AbbreviationsAppendix D: Contextual Issues

DKK 227.00
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Crossing the Global Quality Chasm - Health And Medicine Division - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Crossing the Global Quality Chasm - Health And Medicine Division - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

In 2015, building on the advances of the Millennium Development Goals, the United Nations adopted Sustainable Development Goals that include an explicit commitment to achieve universal health coverage by 2030. However, enormous gaps remain between what is achievable in human health and where global health stands today, and progress has been both incomplete and unevenly distributed. In order to meet this goal, a deliberate and comprehensive effort is needed to improve the quality of health care services globally. Crossing the Global Quality Chasm: Improving Health Care Worldwide focuses on one particular shortfall in health care affecting global populations: defects in the quality of care. This study reviews the available evidence on the quality of care worldwide and makes recommendations to improve health care quality globally while expanding access to preventive and therapeutic services, with a focus in low-resource areas. Crossing the Global Quality Chasm emphasizes the organization and delivery of safe and effectivecare at the patient/provider interface. This study explores issues of access to services and commodities, effectiveness, safety, efficiency, and equity. Focusing on front line service delivery that can directly impact health outcomes for individuals and populations, this book will be an essential guide for key stakeholders, governments, donors, health systems, and others involved in health care. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 The Path to a High-Quality Future: The Need for a Systems Approach and a Person-Centered System3 Optimizing the Patient Journey by Leveraging Advances in Health Care4 The Current State of Global Health Care Quality5 High-Quality Care for Everyone: Making Informal Care Visible and Addressing Care Under Extreme Adversity6 The Critical Health Impacts of Corruption7 Embedding Quality Within Universal Health Coverage8 Establishing a Culture of Continual LearningAppendix A: Public Meeting AgendasAppendix B: Methods for Rapid ReviewAppendix C: Committee Member BiosketchesAppendix D: Methods for Chapter 4

DKK 500.00
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Art, Design and Science, Engineering and Medicine Frontier Collaborations - The National Academies Keck Futures Initiative - Bog - National Academies

Art, Design and Science, Engineering and Medicine Frontier Collaborations - The National Academies Keck Futures Initiative - Bog - National Academies

Science and art were not always two separate entities. Historically, times of great scientific progress occurred during profound movements in art, the two disciplines working together to enrich and expand humanity's understanding of its place in this cosmos. Only recently has a dividing line been drawn, and this seeming dichotomy misses some of the fundamental similarities between the two endeavors. At the National Academies Keck Futures Initiative Conference on Art, Design and Science, Engineering and Medicine Frontier Collaborations: Ideation, Translation, and Realization, participants spent 3 days exploring diverse challenges at the interface of science, engineering, and medicine. They were arranged into Seed Groups that were intentionally diverse, to encourage the generation of new approaches by combining a range of different types of contributions. The teams included creative practitioners from the fields of art, design, communications, science, engineering, and medicine, as well as representatives from private and public funding agencies, universities, businesses, journals, and the science media. Table of ContentsFront MatterConference SummaryMachines and the Human Biome at the Frontier of Medicine ScienceDesigning a Healthcare System That Promotes Learning and CaringImagining New Ways to Use Music in Education and HealthRestoring Physical IntuitionCreating Sustainable Futures in a World Increasingly Dependent on TechnologyDeveloping Programs to Engage and Empower Communities to Address Threats to EcosystemsCreating Open Data CultureCreating a Learning Educational System to Identify Benefits of STEM to STEAMInnovation, Creativity, and Action (Team Summary, Group 1)Innovation, Creativity, and Action (Team Summary, Group 2)Harnessing Computers Worldwide to Address Urgent, Global IssuesDeveloping Art-Science Collaborations to Reduce Cross-Cultural DenialismGenerating Projects That Bring Together the Structure and Systems Between Biology and Art to Create Either Biology or ArtCreating Human-Centered Cultures with Human-Centered TechnologiesAppendixesPreconference TutorialsAgendaParticipant List

DKK 266.00
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Frontiers of Engineering - National Academy Of Engineering - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Frontiers of Engineering - National Academy Of Engineering - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

This volume presents papers on the topics covered at the National Academy of Engineering's 2016 US Frontiers of Engineering Symposium. Every year the symposium brings together 100 outstanding young leaders in engineering to share their cutting-edge research and innovations in selected areas. The 2016 symposium was held September 19-21 at the Arnold and Mabel Beckman Center in Irvine, California. The intent of this book is to convey the excitement of this unique meeting and to highlight innovative developments in engineering research and technical work. Table of ContentsFront MatterPIXELS AT SCALE: HIGH-PERFORMANCE COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND VISIONPixelsat Scale: High-Performance Computer Graphics and Vision - David Luebke and John OwensComputational Near-Eye Displays: Engineering the Interface to the Digital World - Gordon WetzsteinFrontiers in Virtual Reality Headsets - Warren HuntFirst-Person Computational Vision - Kristen Grauman A Quintillion Live Pixels: The Challenge of Continuously Interpreting and Organizing the World's Visual Information - Kayvon FatahalianEXTREME ENGINEERING: EXTREME AUTONOMY IN SPACE, AIR, LAND, AND UNDER WATERExtreme Engineering: Extreme Autonomy in Space and Air, on Land, and Under Water - DeShawn Jackson and Marco PavoneAutonomous Precision Landing of Space Rockets - Lars BlackmoreAutonomy Under Water: Ocean Sampling by Autonomous Underwater Vehicles - Derek A. PaleyWATER DESALINATION AND PURIFICATIONWater Desalination and Purification - Amy Childress and Abhishek RoyWater Desalination: History, Advances, and Challenges - Manish Kumar, Tyler Culp, and Yuexiao ShenScalable Manufacturing of Layer-by-Layer Membranes for Water Purification - Christopher M. StaffordNew Materials for Emerging Desalination Technologies - Baoxia MiHigh-Recovery Desalination and Water Treatment - Kevin L. AlexanderTECHNOLOGIES FOR UNDERSTANDING AND TREATING CANCERTechnologies for Understanding and Treating Cancer - Julie Champion and Peter TessierHow Cancer Cells Go Awry: The Role of Mechanobiology in Cancer Research - Cynthia A. Reinhart-KingEngineered Proteins for Visualizing and Treating Cancer - Jennifer R. CochranEngineering Immunotherapy - Darrell J. IrvineAPPENDIXESContributorsParticipantsProgram

DKK 292.00
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Ecosystem Services - The National Academies Keck Futures Initiatives - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Ecosystem Services - The National Academies Keck Futures Initiatives - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Natural environments provide enormously valuable, but largely unappreciated, services that aid humans and other earthlings. It is becoming clear that these life-support systems are faltering and failing worldwide due to human actions that disrupt nature's ability to do its beneficial work. Ecosystem Services: Charting a Path to Sustainability documents the National Academies' Keck Futures Initiative Conference on Ecosystem Services. At this conference, participants were divided into 14 interdisciplinary research teams to explore diverse challenges at the interface of science, engineering, and medicine. The teams needed to address the challenge of communicating and working together from a diversity of expertise and perspectives as they attempted to solve a complicated, interdisciplinary problem in a relatively short time. Ecosystem Services: Charting a Path to Sustainability describes how ecosystem services scientists work to document the direct and indirect links between humanity's well-being and the many benefits provided by the natural systems we occupy. This report explains the specific topics the interdisciplinary research teams addressed at the conference, including the following: -how ecosystem services affect infectious and chronic diseases -how to identify what resources can be produced renewably or recovered by developing intense technologies that can be applied on a massive scale -how to develop social and technical capabilities to respond to abrupt changes in ecosystem services -how to design agricultural and aquacultural systems that provide food security while maintaining the full set of ecosystem services needed from landscapes and seascapes -how to design production systems for ecosystem services that improve human outcomes related to food and nutrition -how to develop appropriate methods to accurately value natural capital and ecosystem services -how to design a federal policy to maintain or improve natural capital and ecosystem services within the United States, including measuring and documenting the effectiveness of the policy -how to design a system for international trade that accounts for impacts on ecosystem services -how to develop a program that increases the American public's appreciation of the basic principles of ecosystem services

DKK 273.00
1

Development of Unconventional Hydrocarbon Resources in the Appalachian Basin - Water Science And Technology Board - Bog - National Academies Press -

Development of Unconventional Hydrocarbon Resources in the Appalachian Basin - Water Science And Technology Board - Bog - National Academies Press -

Development of Unconventional Hydrocarbon Resources in the Appalachian Basin is the summary of a workshop convened by the National Research Council to examine the geology and unconventional hydrocarbon resources of the Appalachian Basin; technical methods for producing unconventional hydrocarbons and disposing of wastewater; the potential effects of production on the environment; relevant policies and regulations; and priorities for future scientific and engineering research. Workshop presentations by experts in the fields of geosciences and engineering examined the numerous geoscientific aspects of hydrocarbon development from unconventional resources, including natural gas, oil, and natural gas liquids. Shale gas is the fastest growing source of U.S. natural gas. Most of the oil and gas produced in the United States comes from conventional reservoirs in which hydrocarbons have accumulated in discrete structural or stratigraphic traps below relatively impermeable rock and above a well-defined hydrocarbon-water interface. However, a growing fraction comes from unconventional reservoirs - geographically extensive accumulations of hydrocarbons held in low-permeability rock with diffuse boundaries and no obvious traps or hydrocarbon-water contacts. In the Appalachian Basin, shale gas development is proceeding in Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia, while New York and Maryland have commissioned studies to assess potential impacts. Development of Unconventional Hydrocarbon Resources in the Appalachian Basin focuses on the main hydrocarbon-bearing geologic formations in and around the Appalachian Basin, including the Marcellus, Utica, and Devonian shales, and their estimated resources, current production levels, and projected output. This report examines the potential effects on surface water and groundwater quality and quantity; potential effects on landscapes, including soil and living organisms, and other environmental systems; and technical and engineering processes for exploration and production. Table of ContentsFront Matter1 Introduction2 Geology, Resources, and Production3 Water and Regulations4 Ecosystems, Air, and Climate5 Final ThoughtsBibliographyAppendix A: Letter from Senator John D. Rockefeller IVAppendix B: Workshop AgendaAppendix C: Workshop ParticipantsAppendix D: Working Group ReportsAppendix E: Biographical Sketches of Planning Committee MembersAppendix F: Acronyms and Abbreviations

DKK 247.00
1

Understanding the Aging Workforce - Division Of Behavioral And Social Sciences And Education - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Understanding the Aging Workforce - Division Of Behavioral And Social Sciences And Education - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

The aging population of the United States has significant implications for the workforce - challenging what it means to work and to retire in the U.S. In fact, by 2030, one-fifth of the population will be over age 65. This shift has significant repercussions for the economy and key social programs. Due to medical advancements and public health improvements, recent cohorts of older adults have experienced better health and increasing longevity compared to earlier cohorts. These improvements in health enable many older adults to extend their working lives. While higher labor market participation from this older workforce could soften the potential negative impacts of the aging population over the long term on economic growth and the funding of Social Security and other social programs, these trends have also occurred amidst a complicating backdrop of widening economic and social inequality that has meant that the gains in health, improvements in mortality, and access to later-life employment have been distributed unequally. Understanding the Aging Workforce: Defining a Research Agenda offers a multidisciplinary framework for conceptualizing pathways between work and nonwork at older ages. This report outlines a research agenda that highlights the need for a better understanding of the relationship between employers and older employees; how work and resource inequalities in later adulthood shape opportunities in later life; and the interface between work, health, and caregiving. The research agenda also identifies the need for research that addresses the role of workplaces in shaping work at older ages, including the role of workplace policies and practices and age discrimination in enabling or discouraging older workers to continue working or retire. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 IntroductionPart I2 The Emerging Older Workforce3 Work and Retirement PathwaysPart II4 Individual and Social Factors That Influence Employment and Retirement Transitions5 Workplace and Job Factors6 Age Discrimination, One Source of Inequality7 The Labor Market for Older Workers8 Public PolicyPart III9 A Research Agenda to Promote Understanding of Employment among Older WorkersReferencesAppendix A: Meeting AgendasAppendix B: Committee Biosketches

DKK 266.00
1

Onshore Unconventional Hydrocarbon Development - Roundtable On Unconventional Hydrocarbon Development - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Onshore Unconventional Hydrocarbon Development - Roundtable On Unconventional Hydrocarbon Development - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Oil and gas well completion and stimulation technologies to develop unconventional hydrocarbon resources in the United States have evolved over the past several decades, particularly in relation to the development of shale oil and shale gas. Shale oil and shale gas resources and the technology associated with their production are often termed "unconventional" because the oil and gas trapped inside the shale or other low-permeability rock formation cannot be extracted using conventional technologies. Since about 2005, the application of these technologies to fields in the U.S. have helped produce natural gas and oil in volumes that allowed the country to reduce its crude oil imports by more than 50% and to become a net natural gas exporter. The regional and national economic and energy advances gained through production and use of these resources have been accompanied, however, by rapid expansion of the infrastructure associated with the development of these fields and public concern over the impacts to surface- and groundwater, air, land, and communities where the resources are extracted. The intent of the first day of the workshop of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine's Roundtable on Unconventional Hydrocarbon Development was to discuss onshore unconventional hydrocarbon development in the context of potential environmental impacts and the ways in which the risks of these kinds of impacts can be managed. Specifically, the workshop sought to examine the lifecycle development of these fields, including decommissioning and reclamation of wells and related surface and pipeline infrastructure, and the approaches from industry practice, scientific research, and regulation that could help to ensure management of the operations in ways that minimize impacts to the environment throughout their active lifetimes and after operations have ceased. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. Table of ContentsFront Matter1 Introduction2 Understanding Legacy Issues and Managing Risk3 Infrastructure Inventories, Environmental Restoration, and Management4 Observations, Monitoring, and Technology Evolution and Revolution for Legacy Issues5 Intersection of Technology and Regulation: Smoothing the Interface Through Time6 Plenary Remarks and DiscussionReferencesAppendix A: Workshop AgendaAppendix B: Biographies of the Workshop Planning CommitteeAppendix C: Biographies of the Workshop Moderators and PresentersAppendix D: Members of the Roundtable on Unconventional Hydrocarbon DevelopmentAppendix E: Workshop Participants

DKK 396.00
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Industrialization of Biology - Board On Life Sciences - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Industrialization of Biology - Board On Life Sciences - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

The tremendous progress in biology over the last half century - from Watson and Crick's elucidation of the structure of DNA to today's astonishing, rapid progress in the field of synthetic biology - has positioned us for significant innovation in chemical production. New bio-based chemicals, improved public health through improved drugs and diagnostics, and biofuels that reduce our dependency on oil are all results of research and innovation in the biological sciences. In the past decade, we have witnessed major advances made possible by biotechnology in areas such as rapid, low-cost DNA sequencing, metabolic engineering, and high-throughput screening. The manufacturing of chemicals using biological synthesis and engineering could expand even faster. A proactive strategy - implemented through the development of a technical roadmap similar to those that enabled sustained growth in the semiconductor industry and our explorations of space - is needed if we are to realize the widespread benefits of accelerating the industrialization of biology. Industrialization of Biology presents such a roadmap to achieve key technical milestones for chemical manufacturing through biological routes. This report examines the technical, economic, and societal factors that limit the adoption of bioprocessing in the chemical industry today and which, if surmounted, would markedly accelerate the advanced manufacturing of chemicals via industrial biotechnology. Working at the interface of synthetic chemistry, metabolic engineering, molecular biology, and synthetic biology, Industrialization of Biology identifies key technical goals for next-generation chemical manufacturing, then identifies the gaps in knowledge, tools, techniques, and systems required to meet those goals, and targets and timelines for achieving them. This report also considers the skills necessary to accomplish the roadmap goals, and what training opportunities are required to produce the cadre of skilled scientists and engineers needed. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction and Context2 Industrial Biotechnology: Past and Present3 Vision of the Future: What New Chemicals Could Be Made?4 How Do We Get There?5 What Is Success and How to Get There: RecommendationsReferencesAppendix A: GlossaryAppendix B: The Current Regulatory FrameworkAppendix C: Committee Member and Staff BiographiesAppendix D: Workshop Agenda and AttendeesFIgures S-1 and 5-1 (foldout)

DKK 594.00
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