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Isc Security Design Criteria for New Federal Office Buildings and Major Modernization Projects - National Research Council - Bog - National Academies

Isc Security Design Criteria for New Federal Office Buildings and Major Modernization Projects - National Research Council - Bog - National Academies

In November 1999, GSA and the U.S. Department of State convened a symposium to discuss the apparently conflicting objectives of security from terrorist attack and the design of public buildings in an open society. The symposium sponsors rejected the notion of rigid, prescriptive design approaches. The symposium concluded with a challenge to the design and security professions to craft aesthetically appealing architectural solutions that achieve balanced, performance-based approaches to both openness and security. In response to a request from the Office of the Chief Architect of the Public Buildings Service, the National Research Council (NRC) assembled a panel of independent experts, the Committee to Review the Security Design Criteria of the Interagency Security Committee. This committee was tasked to evaluate the ISC Security Design Criteria to determine whether particular provisions might be too prescriptive to allow a design professional "reasonable flexibility" in achieving desired security and physical protection objectives.

DKK 305.00
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21st Century Paradigm Change in Performance and Design Metrics - Defense Materials Manufacturing And Infrastructure Standing Committee - Bog -

21st Century Paradigm Change in Performance and Design Metrics - Defense Materials Manufacturing And Infrastructure Standing Committee - Bog -

In September 2015, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a two-day workshop on evolving paradigms for design and manufacturing. Participants discussed ways to lower costs and shorten production time in defense systems while bringing materials and manufacturing alternatives into the tradespace. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. Table of ContentsFront MatterOverview1 Summary of Workshop Presentations and Discussions2 Modeling Frameworks That Fit the Defense Materials, Design, and Manufacturing Tradespace3 Changing the Design ParadigmAppendixesAppendix A: Workshop Statement of TaskAppendix B: Workshop ParticipantsAppendix C: Workshop AgendaAppendix D: Acronyms

DKK 396.00
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Exploiting Advanced Manufacturing Capabilities: Topology Optimization in Design - National Materials And Manufacturing Board - Bog - National

Exploiting Advanced Manufacturing Capabilities: Topology Optimization in Design - National Materials And Manufacturing Board - Bog - National

Topology optimization is a digital method for designing objects in order to achieve the best structural performance, sometimes in combination with other physical requirements. Topology optimization tools use mathematical algorithms, such as the finite element method and gradient computation, to generate designs based on desired characteristics and predetermined constraints. Initially a purely academic tool, topology optimization has advanced rapidly and is increasingly being applied to the design of a wide range of products and components, from furniture to spacecraft. To explore the potential and challenges of topology optimization, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine hosted a two-day workshop on November 19-20, 2019, Exploiting Advanced Manufacturing Capabilities: Topology Optimization in Design. The workshop was organized around three main topics: how topology optimization can incorporate manufacturability along with functional design; challenges and opportunities in combining multiple physical processes; and approaches and opportunities for design of soft and compliant structures and other emerging applications. Speakers identified the unique strengths of topology optimization and explored a wide range of techniques and strengths of topology optimization and explored a wide range of techniques and achievements in the field to date. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussion of the workshop. Table of ContentsFront MatterOverview1 Introduction2 Keynote Addresses3 Topology Optimization and Advanced Manufacturing Technologies4 Topology Optimization and Multi-Physics5 Topology Optimization of Soft Materials and Deformable Structures6 DiscussionAppendixesAppendix A: Statement of TaskAppendix B: Workshop AgendaAppendix C: Workshop AttendeesAppendix D: Biographical Information

DKK 292.00
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Disasters by Design - Dennis Mileti - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Disasters by Design - Dennis Mileti - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Disasters by Design provides an alternative and sustainable way to view, study, and manage hazards in the United States that would result in disaster-resilient communities, higher environmental quality, inter- and intragenerational equity, economic sustainability, and improved quality of life. This volume provides an overview of what is known about natural hazards, disasters, recovery, and mitigation, how research findings have been translated into policies and programs; and a sustainable hazard mitigation research agenda. Also provided is an examination of past disaster losses and hazards management over the past 20 years, including factors—demographic, climate, social—that influence loss. This volume summarizes and sets the stage for the more detailed books in the series. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 A Sustainability Framework for Natural and Technological Hazards2 Scenarios of Sustainable Hazards Mitigation3 Losses, Costs, and Impacts4 The Interactive Structure of Hazard5 Influences on the Adoption and Implementation of Mitigation6 Tools for Sustainable Hazards Mitigation7 Preparedness, Response, and Recovery8 Innovative Paths and New Directions9 Getting from Here to ThereReferencesAppendix A: Recommendations for Further Traditional ResearchAppendix B: Impacts of the 1975 AssessmentAppendix C: Putting Knowledge into PracticeIndex

DKK 318.00
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Peer Review and Design Competition in the NNSA National Security Laboratories - Committee On Peer Review And Design Competition Related To Nuclear

Peer Review and Design Competition in the NNSA National Security Laboratories - Committee On Peer Review And Design Competition Related To Nuclear

The National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) is responsible for providing and maintaining the capabilities necessary to sustain a safe, secure, and reliable nuclear weapons stockpile for the nation and its allies. Major responsibility for meeting the NNSA missions falls to the three NNSA laboratories: Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), and Sandia National Laboratories (SNL). The NNSA National Security Laboratories contribute to that goal by maintaining the skills and capabilities necessary for stewardship of a reliable nuclear stockpile and also by maintaining a high level of technical credibility, which is a component of the nuclear deterrent. Since 1992 it has been U.S. policy not to conduct explosion tests of nuclear weapons. The resulting technical challenges have been substantial. Whereas a nuclear test was in some sense the ultimate "peer review" of the performance of a particular NEP design, the cessation of nuclear testing necessitated a much greater reliance on both intralab and interlab expert peer review to identify potential problems with weapon designs and define the solution space. This report assesses the quality and effectiveness of peer review of designs, development plans, engineering and scientific activities, and priorities related to both nuclear and non-nuclear aspects of nuclear weapons, as well as incentives for effective peer review. It also explores how the evolving mission of the NNSA laboratories might impact peer review processes at the laboratories that relate to nuclear weapons. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction and Charge2 The Past: Before the 1992 Nuclear Explosion Testing Moratorium3 The Present: From 1992 Until Today4 The Future: Responding to Evolving ChallengesAppendixesAppendix A: Biographical Sketches of Committee MembersAppendix B: Information-Gathering Meetings of the CommitteeAppendix C: Authorizing Language for the StudyAppendix D: Acronyms

DKK 266.00
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Evaluation Design for Complex Global Initiatives - Institute Of Medicine - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Evaluation Design for Complex Global Initiatives - Institute Of Medicine - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Every year, public and private funders spend many billions of dollars on large-scale, complex, multi-national health initiatives. The only way to know whether these initiatives are achieving their objectives is through evaluations that examine the links between program activities and desired outcomes. Investments in such evaluations, which, like the initiatives being evaluated, are carried out in some of the world's most challenging settings, are a relatively new phenomenon. In the last five years, evaluations have been conducted to determine the effects of some of the world's largest and most complex multi-national health initiatives. Evaluation Design for Complex Global Initiatives is the summary of a workshop convened by the Institute of Medicine in January 2014 to explore these recent evaluation experiences and to consider the lessons learned from how these evaluations were designed, carried out, and used. The workshop brought together more than 100 evaluators, researchers in the field of evaluation science, staff involved in implementing large-scale health programs, local stakeholders in the countries where the initiatives are carried out, policy makers involved in the initiatives, representatives of donor organizations, and others to derive lessons learned from past large-scale evaluations and to discuss how to apply these lessons to future evaluations. This report discusses transferable insights gained across the spectrum of choosing the evaluator, framing the evaluation, designing the evaluation, gathering and analyzing data, synthesizing findings and recommendations, and communicating key messages. The report also explores the relative benefits and limitations of different quantitative and qualitative approaches within the mixed methods designs used for these complex and costly evaluations. Table of ContentsFront Matter1 Introduction and Overview of the Workshop2 Overview Framework for Complex Evaluations3 Framing the Evaluation4 Developing the Evaluation Design and Selecting Methods5 Mapping Data Sources and Gathering and Assessing Data6 Applying Qualitative Methods to Evaluation on a Large Scale7 Applying Quantitative Methods to Evaluation on a Large Scale8 Analysis Through Triangulation and Synthesis to Interpret Data in a Mixed Methods Evaluation9 Evolving Methods in Evaluation Science10 Lessons from Large-Scale Program Evaluation on a Not-Quite-as-Large Scale11 Using Evaluation Findings and Communicating Key Messages12 Envisioning a Future for EvaluationReferencesAppendix A: Statement of TaskAppendix B: Workshop AgendaAppendix C: Participant BiographiesAppendix D: Evaluation Information Summary for Core Example InitiativesAppendix E: Evaluation Design Resources Highlighted at the Workshop

DKK 318.00
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Design in the New Millennium - Committee On Advanced Engineering Environments - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Design in the New Millennium - Committee On Advanced Engineering Environments - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

America is changing. Many of the most noticeable changes in day-to-day life are associated with the advancing capabilities of computer systems, the growing variety of tasks they can accomplish, and the accelerating rate of change. Advanced engineering environments (AEEs) combine advanced, networked computer systems with advanced modeling and simulation technologies. When more fully developed, AEEs will enable teams of researchers, technologists, designers, manufacturers, suppliers, customers, and other users scattered across a continent or the globe to develop new products and carry out new missions with unprecedented effectiveness. Business as usual, however, will not achieve this vision. Government, industry, and academic organizations need to make the organizational and process changes that will enable their staffs to use current and future AEE technologies and systems. Design in the New Millennium: Advanced Engineering Environments: Phase 2 is the second part of a two-part study of advanced engineering environments. The Phase 1 report, issued in 1999, identified steps the federal government, industry, and academia could take in the near term to enhance the development of AEE technologies and systems with broad application in the U.S. engineering enterprise. Design in the New Millennium focuses on the long-term potential of AEE technologies and systems over the next 15 years. This report calls on government, industry, and academia to make major changes to current organizational cultures and practices to achieve a long-term vision that goes far beyond what current capabilities allow.

DKK 305.00
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Art, Design and Science, Engineering and Medicine Frontier Collaborations - The National Academies Keck Futures Initiative - Bog - National Academies

Art, Design and Science, Engineering and Medicine Frontier Collaborations - The National Academies Keck Futures Initiative - Bog - National Academies

Science and art were not always two separate entities. Historically, times of great scientific progress occurred during profound movements in art, the two disciplines working together to enrich and expand humanity's understanding of its place in this cosmos. Only recently has a dividing line been drawn, and this seeming dichotomy misses some of the fundamental similarities between the two endeavors. At the National Academies Keck Futures Initiative Conference on Art, Design and Science, Engineering and Medicine Frontier Collaborations: Ideation, Translation, and Realization, participants spent 3 days exploring diverse challenges at the interface of science, engineering, and medicine. They were arranged into Seed Groups that were intentionally diverse, to encourage the generation of new approaches by combining a range of different types of contributions. The teams included creative practitioners from the fields of art, design, communications, science, engineering, and medicine, as well as representatives from private and public funding agencies, universities, businesses, journals, and the science media. Table of ContentsFront MatterConference SummaryMachines and the Human Biome at the Frontier of Medicine ScienceDesigning a Healthcare System That Promotes Learning and CaringImagining New Ways to Use Music in Education and HealthRestoring Physical IntuitionCreating Sustainable Futures in a World Increasingly Dependent on TechnologyDeveloping Programs to Engage and Empower Communities to Address Threats to EcosystemsCreating Open Data CultureCreating a Learning Educational System to Identify Benefits of STEM to STEAMInnovation, Creativity, and Action (Team Summary, Group 1)Innovation, Creativity, and Action (Team Summary, Group 2)Harnessing Computers Worldwide to Address Urgent, Global IssuesDeveloping Art-Science Collaborations to Reduce Cross-Cultural DenialismGenerating Projects That Bring Together the Structure and Systems Between Biology and Art to Create Either Biology or ArtCreating Human-Centered Cultures with Human-Centered TechnologiesAppendixesPreconference TutorialsAgendaParticipant List

DKK 266.00
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A Design Thinking, Systems Approach to Well-Being Within Education and Practice - Health And Medicine Division - Bog - National Academies Press -

A Design Thinking, Systems Approach to Well-Being Within Education and Practice - Health And Medicine Division - Bog - National Academies Press -

The mental health and well-being of health professionals is a topic that is broad, exceptionally relevant, and urgent to address. It is both a local and a global issue, and affects professionals in all stages of their careers. To explore this topic, the Global Forum on Innovation in Health Professional Education held a 1.5 day workshop. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. Table of ContentsFront Matter1 A Design Thinking, Systems Approach to Well-Being2 Creating a Culture of Well-Being3 Breakout Session Discussions4 Leadership in Organizational Resilience5 Building on the Lessons LearnedAppendix A: Workshop AgendaAppendix B: The Importance of Well-Being in the Health Care WorkforceAppendix C: Listening to LeadershipAppendix D: Speaker Biographical SketchesAppendix E: Forum-Sponsored Products

DKK 318.00
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Open Science by Design - Board On Research Data And Information - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Open Science by Design - Board On Research Data And Information - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Openness and sharing of information are fundamental to the progress of science and to the effective functioning of the research enterprise. The advent of scientific journals in the 17th century helped power the Scientific Revolution by allowing researchers to communicate across time and space, using the technologies of that era to generate reliable knowledge more quickly and efficiently. Harnessing today's stunning, ongoing advances in information technologies, the global research enterprise and its stakeholders are moving toward a new open science ecosystem. Open science aims to ensure the free availability and usability of scholarly publications, the data that result from scholarly research, and the methodologies, including code or algorithms, that were used to generate those data. Open Science by Design is aimed at overcoming barriers and moving toward open science as the default approach across the research enterprise. This report explores specific examples of open science and discusses a range of challenges, focusing on stakeholder perspectives. It is meant to provide guidance to the research enterprise and its stakeholders as they build strategies for achieving open science and take the next steps. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 Broadening Access to the Results of Scientific Research3 The State of Open Science4 A Vision for Open Science by Design5 Transitioning to Open Science by Design6 Accelerating Progress to Open Science by DesignReferencesAppendix A Committee Member BiographiesAppendix B GlossaryAppendix C Office of Science and Technology Policy 2013 Memorandum: Increasing Access to the Results of Federally Funded Scientific ResearchAppendix D Office of Science and Technology Policy 2014 Memorandum: Improving the Management of and Access to Scientific CollectionsAppendix E Committee Meeting Agendas

DKK 344.00
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New Directions in Manufacturing - Board On Manufacturing And Engineering Design - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

New Directions in Manufacturing - Board On Manufacturing And Engineering Design - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

The processes and techniques of manufacturing have changed substantially over the decades and that evolution continues today. In order to examine the potential impacts of these changes, the Department of Commerce asked the NRC to design a workshop to focus on issues central to the changing nature of manufacturing. The workshop brought together a number of experts to present papers about and to discuss the current state of manufacturing in the United States and the challenges it faces. This report presents the results of that workshop. Key challenges that emerged from the workshop and that are discussed include understanding manufacturing trends; manufacturing globalization; information technology opportunities; maintaining innovation; strengthening small and medium-sized enterprises; workforce education; and rising infrastructure costs.Table of ContentsFront MatterExecutive SummaryPart I Summary of the Workshop Sessions1 Manufacturing in the United States2 Challenges Facing U.S. Manufacturing Today3 New DirectionsPart II Presented Papers: Manufacturing in the U.S. Economy4 Keynote Address: The Administration's Manufacturing Policy5 U.S. Manufacturing at the Crossroads6 Innovation and U.S. ManufacturingPart III Presented Papers: View from Three Manufacturing Sectors7 Trends in Rural Manufacturing8 Issues for Small Manufacturing Enterprises9 Drivers and Challenges for U.S. Aerospace ManufacturingPart IV Presented Papers: Manufacturing Globalization10 Manufacturing Globalization: Is the Glass Half Full or Half Empty?11 Manufacturing Globalization at United Technologies Corporation12 Insights on OutsourcingPart V Presented Papers: The Human Element in Manufacturing13 Keeping America Competitive14 Economic Challenges to American Manufacturing15 The Crisis in U.S. Manufacturing: A Union View16 The Human Component in ManufacturingPart VI Presented Papers: The Way Forward17 Standards and Infrastructure18 Collaborating to Meet Manufacturing Challenges19 Manufacturing, Energy, and the Future of New Technology20 Army Manufacturing Technology Program Responds to 21st Century Challenges21 Turning New Technologies into Products at Sandia National LaboratoriesPart VII Presented Papers: New Manufacturing Paradigm22 Manufacturing in a Digital Era23 Manufacturing Knowledge and the Arrow of TimeAppendix A Biographical Sketches of Committee MembersAppendix B Workshop AgendaAppendix C Acronyms and Abbreviations

DKK 221.00
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Design, Selection, and Implementation of Instructional Materials for the Next Generation Science Standards - Division Of Behavioral And Social

Design, Selection, and Implementation of Instructional Materials for the Next Generation Science Standards - Division Of Behavioral And Social

Instructional materials are a key means to achieving the goals of science education—an enterprise that yields unique and worthwhile benefits to individuals and society. As states and districts move forward with adoption and implementation of the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) or work on improving their instruction to align with A Framework for K–12 Science Education (the Framework), instructional materials that align with this new vision for science education have emerged as one of the key mechanisms for creating high-quality learning experiences for students. In response to the need for more coordination across the ongoing efforts to support the design and implementation of instructional materials for science education, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a public workshop in June 2017. The workshop focused on the development of instructional materials that reflect the principles of the Framework and the NGSS. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. Table of ContentsFront Matter1 Introduction 2 Current State of K12 Science Instruction 3 Developing and Selecting Instructional Materials for the NGSS 4 Models for Developing and Distributing Instructional Materials 5 Implementing Instructional Materials for the NGSS 6 Next Steps References Appendix A: Workshop Agenda Appendix B: Biographical Sketches of Committee Members and Presenters Appendix C: Possible Action Items from Small Groups

DKK 318.00
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Innovations in Design and Utilization of Measurement Systems to Promote Children's Cognitive, Affective, and Behavioral Health - National Research

Innovations in Design and Utilization of Measurement Systems to Promote Children's Cognitive, Affective, and Behavioral Health - National Research

Many measurement systems to monitor the well-being of children and guide services are implemented across the community, state, and national levels in the United States. While great progress has been made in recent years in developing interventions that have been shown to improve the cognitive, affective, and behavioral health of children, many of these tested and effective interventions have yet to be widely implemented. One potential reason for this lag in implementation is a need to further develop and better utilize measures that gauge the success of evidence-based programs as part of a broad effort to prevent negative outcomes and foster children's health and well-being. To address this issue, the Institute of Medicine Forum on Promoting Children's Cognitive, Affective, and Behavioral Health held a workshop in Washington, DC, on November 5-6, 2014. The workshop featured presentations on the use of data linkage and integration to inform research and practice related to children's cognitive, affective, and behavioral health; the use of quality measures to facilitate system change in health care, classroom, and juvenile justice settings; and tools developed to measure implementation of evidence-based prevention programs at scale to support sustainable program delivery, among other topics. Workshop presenters and participants discussed examples of innovative design and utilization of measurement systems, new approaches to build on existing data systems, and new data systems that could support the cognitive, affective, and behavioral health and well-being of children. This report summarizes the presentation and discussions of the event. Table of ContentsFront Matter1 Introduction2 Maximizing the Value of National, State, and Local Measurement Systems3 Measurement Systems to Assess Individual- and Population-Level Change4 Using Quality Measures to Facilitate System Change5 Toward Efficient and Sustainable Delivery of Interventions6 Breakout Group DiscussionsAppendix A: Workshop AgendaAppendix B: Biographies of Workshop Speakers

DKK 266.00
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Equipping Tomorrow's Military Force - Board On Manufacturing And Engineering Design - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Equipping Tomorrow's Military Force - Board On Manufacturing And Engineering Design - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Owing to the expected nature of combat in 2010, U.S. military forces face a pressing need to transform themselves for rapid response to an unpredictable threat. Rapid advances in commercial technology (particularly in electronics), coupled with the easy access to commercial technology enjoyed by potential adversaries, will compel DOD and defense contractors to excel at integrating commercial technology into defense systems. This integration of commercial and military manufacturing (ICMM) has begun on a small scale. By 2010, it needs to increase substantially if U.S. forces are to retain a technological edge. This report assesses the opportunities for increased ICMM in 2010 and beyond, identifies barriers, and recommends strategies for overcoming them.

DKK 305.00
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Data-Driven Modeling for Additive Manufacturing of Metals - Board On Mathematical Sciences And Analytics - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Data-Driven Modeling for Additive Manufacturing of Metals - Board On Mathematical Sciences And Analytics - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Additive manufacturing (AM) is the process in which a three-dimensional object is built by adding subsequent layers of materials. AM enables novel material compositions and shapes, often without the need for specialized tooling. This technology has the potential to revolutionize how mechanical parts are created, tested, and certified. However, successful real-time AM design requires the integration of complex systems and often necessitates expertise across domains. Simulation-based design approaches, such as those applied in engineering product design and material design, have the potential to improve AM predictive modeling capabilities, particularly when combined with existing knowledge of the underlying mechanics. These predictive models have the potential to reduce the cost of and time for concept-to-final-product development and can be used to supplement experimental tests. The National Academies convened a workshop on October 24-26, 2018 to discuss the frontiers of mechanistic data-driven modeling for AM of metals. Topics of discussion included measuring and modeling process monitoring and control, developing models to represent microstructure evolution, alloy design, and part suitability, modeling phases of process and machine design, and accelerating product and process qualification and certification. These topics then led to the assessment of short-, immediate-, and long-term challenges in AM. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. Table of ContentsFront Matter1 Introduction2 Process Monitoring and Control3 Microstructure Evolution, Alloy Design, and Part Suitability4 Process and Machine Design5 Product and Process Qualification and Certification6 Summary of Challenges from Subgroup Discussions and Participant CommentsAppendixesAppendix A: Registered Workshop ParticipantsAppendix B: Workshop AgendaAppendix C: Workshop Statement of Task

DKK 396.00
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